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Antigenotoxicity and Cytotoxic Potentials of Cell-Free Supernatants Derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii on HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines

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Abstract

Microbial-derived postbiotics are of interest recently due to their lower side effects than chemotherapy for cancer treatment and prevention. This study aimed to investigate the potential antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cell-free-supernatant (CFS) postbiotics derived from Saccharomyces boulardii by applying SOS chromotest and MTT assay on HT-29 cell lines. Also, further cellular pathway-related assays such as cell cycle, DAPI, and annexin V-FITC/PI staining were performed. Real-time PCR was utilized to assess the expression levels of some genes involved in apoptosis. Based on the outcomes, the CFSs of S. boulardii showed significant antigenotoxic effects (20–60%, P < 0.05), decreased cell viability (with the significant IC50 values of 33.82, 22.68, and 27.67 µg/mL after 24, 48, and 72 h respectively), suppressed the initial (G0/G1) phase of the cell’s division, influenced the nucleus of the treated cells, induced apoptosis, and increased the expression of Caspas3 and PTEN genes after 48 h, while the RelA and Bcl-XL genes indicated diminished expression in treated HT-29 cells. Consequently, CFS postbiotics of S. boulardii exhibited significant antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects and induced apoptosis responses in HT-29 cancer cells. The results of this investigation lead us to recommend that the CFS postbiotics generated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii be taken into consideration as a potential anticancer agent or in the design of supplementary medications to treat and prevent colon cancers.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable requests.

Abbreviations

CFS:

Cell-free supernatant

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

SCFAs :

Short-chain fatty acids

GIT:

Gastrointestinal tract

ATCC :

American Type Culture Collection

YPD :

Yeast Peptone Dextrose

YMB :

Yeast Malt Broth

RPMI :

Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium

DMH :

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine

IF:

Induction factor

5FU:

5-Fluorouracil

MTT :

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)

ELISA :

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

PBS :

Phosphate-buffered saline

DAPI :

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

PI:

Propidium iodide

DEPC :

Diethyl pyrocarbonate

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

FW:

Fecal water

2D:

Two-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

EPSs :

Exopolysaccharides

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

MRS :

De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe

SD:

Standard deviation

LAB:

Lactic acid bacteria

PIF:

Plantain inflorescence

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Funding

This study was supported by the Vice Chancellor for Research of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. The authors would like to express their thanks to the Research Vice Chancellor of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences for the financial support of this study (grant number 64644).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Amin Abbasi & Aziz Homayouni Rad

  2. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Amin Abbasi, Leili Aghebati Maleki & Amir Baghbanzadeh

  3. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Hossein Samadi Kafil

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  1. Amin Abbasi
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Contributions

All of the authors contributed to the conception and design of the study and revised the manuscript. AA drafted the manuscript under the direct supervision of AHR. AA and AB conducted all the experiments and statistical analysis. AA, LAM, and HSK drafted the first version of the manuscript. AHR and LAM reviewed the draft manuscript, and all the authors revised the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Aziz Homayouni Rad or Leili Aghebati Maleki.

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Ethics Approval

This study was approved by the ethics committee of the research and technology deputy of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.297). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

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Abbasi, A., Rad, A.H., Maleki, L.A. et al. Antigenotoxicity and Cytotoxic Potentials of Cell-Free Supernatants Derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii on HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 15, 1583–1595 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-10039-1

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