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The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial

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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 60 diabetic HD patients. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either synbiotic capsule, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum (2 × 109 CFU/g each), plus 0.8 g/day of inulin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Synbiotic supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (β − 13.56 mg/dL; 95% CI, − 23.82, − 3.30; P = 0.01), insulin levels (β − 5.49 μIU/mL; 95% CI, − 6.92, − 4.05; P < 0.001), and insulin resistance (β − 2.25; 95% CI, − 3.02, − 1.48; P < 0.001), while increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.02; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. Additionally, synbiotic intake resulted in a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β − 2930.48 ng/mL; 95% CI, − 3741.15, − 2119.80; P < 0.001) and malondialdehyde levels (β − 0.60 μmol/L; 95% CI, − 0.99, − 0.20; P = 0.003). Moreover, we found a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (β 142.99 mmol/L; 95% CI, 61.72, 224.25; P = 0.001) and total glutathione levels (β 131.11 μmol/L; 95% CI, 89.35, 172.87; P < 0.001) in the synbiotic group compared with the placebo group. Overall, synbiotic supplementation for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on glycemic control, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients under HD. This study was registered in the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials (http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017090133941N17). http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017090133941N17.

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Abbreviations

ESRD:

end-stage renal disease

FPG:

fasting plasma glucose

GLP1:

glucagon-like peptide-1

GSH:

total glutathione

HD:

hemodialysis

HOMA-IR:

homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance

HDL-cholesterol:

high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol

hs-CRP:

high-sensitivity C-reactive protein

LDL-cholesterol:

low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol

MDA:

malondialdehyde

NO:

nitric oxide

QUICKI:

quantitative insulin sensitivity check index

SCFA:

short-chain fatty acids

SGA:

subjective global assessment

T2DM:

type 2 diabetes mellitus

TAC:

total antioxidant capacity

VLDL-cholesterol:

very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol

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Acknowledgements

The present study was supported by a grant from the Vice-chancellor for Research, KAUMS, and Iran. The authors would like to thank the staff of Akhavan Clinic (Kashan, Iran) for their assistance in this project. The authors of this study would like to appreciate Dr. Naghmeh Mirhosseini for a scientific review and edition of the paper.

Funding

The research grant provided by Research Deputy of Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Alireza Soleimani & Alireza Motamedzadeh

  2. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Malihe Zarrati Mojarrad, Fereshteh Bahmani, Elaheh Amirani, Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi & Zatollah Asemi

  3. Faculty member of Science department, science faculty, Islamic Azad University Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Tajabadi-Ebrahimi

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Contributions

ZA: Conception, design, and statistical analysis, drafting of the manuscript, and supervised the study.

AS, AM, MZ-M, FB, EA, VO, and MT-E: data collection and manuscript drafting.

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Correspondence to Zatollah Asemi.

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Soleimani, A., Motamedzadeh, A., Zarrati Mojarrad, M. et al. The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 11, 1248–1256 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-018-9499-3

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