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The Effect of Vancomycin on the Viability and Osteogenic Potential of Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Abstract

Traditionally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is treated with vancomycin, administrated intravenously or applied directly onto infected tissue. The effect of direct (as opposed to systemic) vancomycin treatment on bone formation and remodelling is largely unknown. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined by adding 200 μL of different concentrations (1–20 μg/mL) to actively growing cultures of S. aureus Xen 31 (methicillin-resistant) and S. aureus Xen 36 (methicillin-sensitive), respectively, and recording changes in optical density over 24 h. Bone marrow-derived and proximal femur-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs and pfMSCs) from rat femora were exposed to 1 × MIC (5 μg/mL) and 4 × MIC (20 μg/mL) of vancomycin for 7 days. Cell viability was determined by staining with crystal violet and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), respectively, and osteogenic differentiation by staining with Alizarin Red S. Vancomycin had no effect on the viability of bmMSCs and pfMSCs, even at high levels (20 μg/mL). The osteogenic differentiation of pfMSCs was partially inhibited, while osteogenesis in bmMSCs was not severely affected. The direct application of vancomycin to infected bone tissue, even at excessive levels, may preserve the viability of resident MSC populations.

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Acknowledgements

The research was funded by the National Research Foundation, South Africa. Grants were allocated to H Sadie-Van Gijsen and LMT Dicks. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

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Author notes

  1. Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen

    Present address: Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Parow, South Africa

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Elzaan Booysen, Shelly M. Deane & Leon M. T. Dicks

  2. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Parow, South Africa

    Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen & William Ferris

Authors
  1. Elzaan Booysen
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  2. Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
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  3. Shelly M. Deane
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  4. William Ferris
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  5. Leon M. T. Dicks
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Correspondence to Leon M. T. Dicks.

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Booysen, E., Sadie-Van Gijsen, H., Deane, S.M. et al. The Effect of Vancomycin on the Viability and Osteogenic Potential of Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 11, 1009–1014 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-018-9473-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-018-9473-0

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