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Seed morphological traits associated with weedy rice escaped from imazapic+imazapyr herbicide treatment

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Abstract

The re-occurrence of weedy rice in the imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide-tolerant (HT) rice fields in Malaysia suggested that the weed has evaded the IMI herbicide application. This study aimed to evaluate the seed morphological traits as potential escape mechanisms of weedy rice in response to IMI-herbicide (imazapic+imazapyr) treatment. A total of 96 weedy rice samples collected from IMI-HT rice fields were characterized according to seed characteristics. The samples were evaluated for seed dormancy and susceptibility against IMI-herbicide using a standard germination test. Herbicide-induced germination test recorded a high germination (61.99–74.43%) despite strong initial dormancy (9.09–13.14%), indicating potential dormancy breaking by the herbicide. A total of 64.7% of weedy rice morphotypes displayed high seedlings survival (>10%) after herbicide treatment suggesting variation in potential IMI-resistance of weedy rice. Correlation analysis demonstrated the herbicide responses were associated with various seed adaptive traits, especially on pericarp colour (r = 0.3701), hull colour (r = −0.2457), seed dormancy (r = 0.4351), and shattering capability (r = −0.3110). This study demonstrated that seed morphological and physiological characteristics have a significant correlation with resistance towards IMI-herbicide. Resistant genes might be linked with these weedy traits as part of the adaptive mechanism for weedy rice through consequential conferment of the genes from HT-rice into weedy rice.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Ministry of Education, Malaysia (Grant no. FRGS/1/2015/SG03/UM/02/3). This study is part of an M.Sc. dissertation of Amalia Qistina Zulrushdi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Amalia Qistina Zulrushdi, Nur Ardiyana Rejab, Intan Filzah Mahmod, Zulqarnain Mohamed, Muhammad Nazri Ishak & Muhamad Shakirin Mispan

  2. Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nur Ardiyana Rejab & Muhamad Shakirin Mispan

Authors
  1. Amalia Qistina Zulrushdi
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  2. Nur Ardiyana Rejab
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  3. Intan Filzah Mahmod
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  4. Zulqarnain Mohamed
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  5. Muhammad Nazri Ishak
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  6. Muhamad Shakirin Mispan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Amalia Qistina Zulrushdi, Intan Filzah Mahmod, Muhammad Nazri Ishak, Nur Ardiyana Rejab and Muhamad Shakirin Mispan. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Amalia Qistina Zulrushdi, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhamad Shakirin Mispan.

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Zulrushdi, A.Q., Rejab, N.A., Mahmod, I.F. et al. Seed morphological traits associated with weedy rice escaped from imazapic+imazapyr herbicide treatment. Phytoparasitica 50, 1123–1132 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-022-01021-2

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