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Paraquat resistance and hormetic response observed in Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker (tall fleabane) in Australian cotton cropping systems

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Abstract

Herbicide resistance in weeds necessitates the continued monitoring of herbicide resistance evolution in weed species. This study investigated the level of paraquat resistance in two species of Conyza including Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker (tall fleabane) and Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (flaxleaf fleabane). Twenty-two biotypes of C. bonariensis and three biotypes of C. sumatrensis were screened for paraquat resistance evaluation. All tested biotypes of C. bonariensis were susceptible to paraquat at the recommended rate of 500 g a.i./ha. Whole plant dose–response assays showed that the two biotypes (TF-COLEA and TF-NANDI) of C. sumatrensis are resistant to the herbicide paraquat, with a ED50 more than fourfold that of the susceptible biotype (TF-TALWD). The two resistant biotypes also showed a hormetic growth increase at two lower doses (62.5 and 125 g a.i./ha) of paraquat, resulting in 31% and 17% higher biomass production at 62.5 g a.i./ha of paraquat, and 19% and 11% at 125 g a.i./ha of paraquat for the resistant biotypes TF-NANDI and TF-COLEA, respectively, than those of the untreated control. The two resistant biotypes at the two lower doses of paraquat generated 33% to 65% higher numbers of seed buds/plant in TF-COLEA and 40% to 68% in TF-NANDI compared to the untreated control. Such stimulatory responses to lower rates of paraquat can enhance the competitiveness of these resistant plants against neighboring weed and crop plants, potentially increasing the seedbank size of resistant biotypes.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy act and IP policy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to acknowledge funding from the Cotton Research Development Corporation (CRDC) and NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia.

Funding

This study was funded by the Cotton Research and Development Corporation, and NSW Department of Primary Industries, NSW.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia

    Md Asaduzzaman, Eric Koetz, Hanwen Wu & Adam Shephard

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  1. Md Asaduzzaman
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  2. Eric Koetz
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  3. Hanwen Wu
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  4. Adam Shephard
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Contributions

Md Asaduzzaman: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Investigation, Writing- Original draft preparation, Writing- Reviewing and Editing. Eric Koetz: Mentoring, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Reviewing and Editing. Hanwen Wu: Mentoring, Reviewing and Editing and Adam Shephard: Investigation.

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Correspondence to Md Asaduzzaman.

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Asaduzzaman, M., Koetz, E., Wu, H. et al. Paraquat resistance and hormetic response observed in Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker (tall fleabane) in Australian cotton cropping systems. Phytoparasitica 50, 269–279 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-021-00956-2

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