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Changes in Polyphenols in ‘Rio Red’ Grapefruit Leaves in Response to Elsinoë australis Infection

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Abstract

Sweet orange scab (SOS) is a fungal disease of citrus which is caused by Elsinoë australis. It affects the aesthetics of the fruit by forming wart-like protruded lesions on the fruit skin, and also affects the leaves which act as source of inoculum in the orchards. SOS is widespread in the different citrus species such as grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi Macfd.), sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.], and mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco). In this study, we report the development of symptoms and changes in polyphenolic profile of ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit leaves in response to E. australis infection. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols in ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit leaves inoculated with E. australis were conducted using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at two different time points post inoculation. Development of SOS symptoms under light was recorded and categorized into four different morphological stages. Caffeic acid, luteolin-7-O glycoside, naringin, naringenin, apigenin-7-O glycoside and eriodictoyl were identified in healthy grapefruit leaves. The quantitative changes in the identified polyphenols were measured 9 days post-inoculation by comparing levels on the 9-day control versus the 9-day post-inoculated leaves. Total polyphenol levels decreased substantially in E. australis-infected ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit leaves 9 days post-inoculation. Levels of naringin, naringenin, apigenin glucoside and eriodictoyl decreased with E. australis infections indicating the pathogen’s ability to overcome some of plant’s defenses. Compared to 9-day controls, 9-day inoculated leaves had much less caffeic acid.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by funds from USDA-ARS under CRIS project number 6204-13210-007-00D.

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Author notes

  1. Aditi Satpute

    Present address: Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA

  2. Nasir S. A. Malik

    Present address: USDA-ARS Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038-8598, USA

  3. Jose L. Perez

    Present address: USDA-ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Texas A& M University-Kingsville, Citrus Center, 312 N. International Blvd., Weslaco, TX, 78599, USA

    Aditi Satpute, John V. da Graça & Madhurababu Kunta

  2. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2413 E. Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA

    Nasir S. A. Malik

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  1. Aditi Satpute
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  2. Nasir S. A. Malik
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  3. Jose L. Perez
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  4. John V. da Graça
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  5. Madhurababu Kunta
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Correspondence to Madhurababu Kunta.

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Satpute, A., Malik, N.S.A., Perez, J.L. et al. Changes in Polyphenols in ‘Rio Red’ Grapefruit Leaves in Response to Elsinoë australis Infection. Phytoparasitica 43, 629–636 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-015-0483-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-015-0483-0

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