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Side effects of grain protectants on biological control agents: How Hyptis plant extracts affect parasitism and larval development of Dinarmus basalis

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Abstract

Dinarmus basalis Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an ectoparasitoid of bruchid pests of stored cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), is a potential biological control agent. We investigated whether grain protectants from Hyptis spicigera and H. suaveolens (Lamiaceae) disturb parasitism and post-embryonic growth of the parasitoid. When cowpeas containing bruchid larvae were treated before being placed in the presence of D. basalis females, the rate of parasitism decreased on average up to 24% and 47% in the presence of, respectively, leaf dry powder and essential oils from both plant species. The estimated larval mortality was higher on treated (9.55 to 28.6%) than on non-treated parasitized hosts (2.8%), depending on the plant species and the plant extract tested. Additional larval mortality was higher for essential oil, and for H. suaveolens. An in-depth analysis of the pre-imaginal development in capsules adapted for this purpose showed that without treatment, mortality was recorded only for eggs and the first two larval stages. With treatment, mortality not only significantly increased on eggs but also spanned all other pre-imaginal stages. Pre-imaginal development was also significantly extended in the presence of treatment, depending on the type of extract and dose used. In conclusion, both plant species exert acute toxicity on D. basalis larvae and also act as growth inhibitors. These results provide additional information that enable us to move towards the harmonious use of allelochemical compounds from plants while protecting biocontrol agents from their adverse effects.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express their heartfelt thanks to the International Foundation for Science (IFS-OPCW) for supporting research relating to the effects of Hyptis plant species on bruchid pests and their natural enemies through a C/3393 Fellowship awarded to the senior author. The Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) is also acknowledged and thanked for allocating a CORUS grant (contract 6072) and facilitating exchanges between French universities and the University of Ouagadougou.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UFR/SVT, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    A. Sanon

  2. Laboratoire d’Entomologie Agricole, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    M. N. Ba & L. C. B. Dabiré

  3. Département Substances Naturelles, Institut de Recherches en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    R. C. H. Nébié

  4. Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (UMR CNRS 6035), Université de Tours, Tours, France

    J. P. Monge

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  1. A. Sanon
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  2. M. N. Ba
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  3. L. C. B. Dabiré
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Correspondence to A. Sanon.

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Sanon, A., Ba, M.N., Dabiré, L.C.B. et al. Side effects of grain protectants on biological control agents: How Hyptis plant extracts affect parasitism and larval development of Dinarmus basalis . Phytoparasitica 39, 215–222 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-011-0162-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-011-0162-8

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