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Integration of Calneem® oil and parasitoids to control Cadra cautella and Corcyra cephalonica in stored grain cereals

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The compatibility and protectant potential of Calneem® oil derived from the neem tree Azadirachta indica and two parasitoids, Habrobracon hebetor and Venturia canescens, for the control of the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the tropical warehouse moth Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in stored rice and wheat, were evaluated in the laboratory. Calneem® oil (= neem oil) is a biopesticide produced, registered and marketed in Ghana by AQUA AGRIC Community Projects (AACP/Caldor Ghana Ltd., Tema). It contains 0.3% azadirachtin as its major active ingredient. The oil was emulsified with water using 0.07% soap. Fourth instar moth larvae were held in grain treated with neem oil only, grain treated with one of the parasitoids only, grain treated with a combination of neem and one of the parasitoids, and a control with untreated grain. Neem oil was applied at concentrations from 5,000 to 30,000 ppm. All samples were kept in growth cabinets maintained at 25°C and 65–70% r.h. Adult emergence was recorded after 4 weeks. Parasitoid or neem treatments alone reduced the emergence of C. cephalonica and C. cautella. In general, parasitoid releases were as effective as a combination of neem oil and parasitoids. At the lowest dose, 5,000 ppm, the combination of neem and parasitoid was more effective than the neem alone. The number of adults of H. hebetor and V. canescens that emerged in rice containing either parasitoids alone or in combination with neem oil was similar. This indicates minimal or no adverse effect of neem oil on the two parasitoids. It is thus possible to incorporate neem oil in a well-designed pest management program with parasitoids.

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Acknowledgments

The first author was financially supported by the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation. The Julius Kühn-Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany, provided laboratory facilities and equipment for this work. The staff of the Institute assisted in various ways, for which we are most grateful. Parasitoids were provided by Biological Consultants Ltd., Berlin, Germany, and the neem oil was provided by the AQUA AGRIC Community Projects (AACP/Caldor Ghana Ltd.), Tema, Accra, Ghana.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Horticultural Sciences, Section Phytomedicine, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Charles Adarkwah & Carmen Büttner

  2. Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Charles Adarkwah, Cornel Adler, Christoph Reichmuth & Matthias Schöller

  3. Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture & Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

    Daniel Obeng-Ofori

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  1. Charles Adarkwah
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Correspondence to Charles Adarkwah.

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Adarkwah, C., Obeng-Ofori, D., Adler, C. et al. Integration of Calneem® oil and parasitoids to control Cadra cautella and Corcyra cephalonica in stored grain cereals. Phytoparasitica 39, 223–233 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-011-0158-4

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