Abstract
Recent literature on smart cities stresses the role of digitization in tackling urban issues such as environmental degradation and poverty. The wicked nature of these issues gives rise to the need to understand the diverse perspectives of relevant stakeholder groups on smart cities. However, existing research that compares these perspectives tends to exclude the beliefs of those living in smart cities. Integrating these beliefs in smart city discourses is paramount to increase the likelihood that these systems will be accepted. With the view that the literature consumed by an audience will influence that audience’s perspectives, the main aim of this study is to compare and contrast the pertinent topics found in various types of literature on smart cities. Using an innovative approach of literature comparison, based on a semantic entity annotator and keyword analysis, this article extracts and compares topics in news media (for citizens), trade publications (for businesses), academic articles (for research organizations) and government reports (for governments). The findings suggest that citizens tend to be under-represented in discussions on smart cities and highlight those topics considered relevant only by smart city citizens. Increased understanding in this area can help guide discussions and policies that are relevant for all stakeholders.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Notes
The results obtained do not depend on the relative number of sources from each literature type.
References
Abrams R (2016) Self-driving cars may get here before we’re ready. N. Y. Times, New York. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/22/business/dealbook/davos-self-driving-cars-may-get-here-before-were-ready.html. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Adhikari S (2016) Driverless cars gain support in new survey. The Australian, Surry Hills. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/technology/driverless-cars-gain-support-in-new-survey/news-story/fd3eb6684964f55919d267f53618f39f. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Albino V, Berardi U, Dangelico RM (2015) Smart cities: definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. J Urban Technol 22(1):3–21
Angelidou M (2014) Smart city policies: a spatial approach. Cities 41:S3–S11
Angelidou M (2015) Smart cities: a conjuncture of four forces. Cities 47:95–106
Anthony L (2005) AntConc: design and development of a freeware corpus analysis toolkit for the technical writing classroom. In: Proceedings of the international professional communication conference, IEEE, pp 729–737
Arieff A (2013) Driving sideways. N. Y. Times, New York. https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/driving-sideways/. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Avanessian A (2017) What will cyber security look like in 2017? In: IT portal. https://www.itproportal.com/features/what-will-cyber-security-look-like-in-2017/. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Baker P (2006) Using corpora in discourse analysis. A&C Black, London
Baker M (2015) 5G networks: the next generation of wireless. In: Wirel. Week. https://www.wirelessweek.com/article/2015/10/5g-networks-next-generation-wireless. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Baker P, Gabrielatos C, KhosraviNik M et al (2008) A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. Discourse Soc 19:273–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926508088962
Bano M, Zowghi D (2015) A systematic review on the relationship between user involvement and system success. Inf Softw Technol 58:148–169
Brennan R (2004) Should we worry about an “academic-practitioner divide” in marketing? Mark Intell Plan 22:492–500
Caragliu A, Del Bo C, Nijkamp P (2011) Smart cities in Europe. J Urban Technol 18:65–82
Carroll CE, McCombs M (2003) Agenda-setting effects of business news on the public’s images and opinions about major corporations. Corp Reput Rev 6:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1540188
Chourabi H, Nam T, Walker S, et al (2012) Understanding smart cities: an integrative framework. In: Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii international conference on system science. IEEE, pp 2289–2297
Cornolti M, Ferragina P, Ciaramita M (2013) A framework for benchmarking entity-annotation systems. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on world wide web. ACM, pp 249–260
Crawford L, Pollack J, England D (2006) Uncovering the trends in project management: journal emphases over the last 10 years. Int J Proj Manag 24:175–184
Cuddy M, Epstein A, Maloney C et al (2014) The smart connected city and its implications for connected transportation|National Operations Center of Excellence. U.S. Department of Transportation
Cuzzola J, Jovanović J, Bagheri E, Gašević D (2015) Evolutionary fine-tuning of automated semantic annotation systems. Expert Syst Appl 42:6864–6877
Dameri RP (2013) Searching for smart city definition: a comprehensive proposal. Int J Comput Technol 11:2544–2551
Dameri RP, Cocchia A (2013) Smart city and digital city: twenty years of terminology evolution. X Conference of the Italian Chapter of AIS. Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milan, pp 1–8
Douglas L (2016) Booming eco startup scene cements Bristol’s credentials as green city. The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2016/apr/26/booming-eco-startup-scene-cements-bristols-credentials-as-green-city. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Economic and Social Research Council (2018) What is impact? In: Shap Soc. http://www.esrc.ac.uk/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/. Accessed 21 Jan 2018
Ehn P (1993) Scandinavian design: on participation and skill. In: Participatory design: principles and practices, pp 41–77
Eichhorn BR, Tukel OI (2015) A review of user involvement in information system projects. Int J Inf Technol Proj Manag 6:26–53
Eisenhardt KM (1989) Building theories from case study research. Acad Manag Rev 14:532–550
Faro A, Giordano D, Spampinato C (2011) Combining literature text mining with microarray data: advances for system biology modeling. Brief Bioinform 13(1):61–82
Feldman MS, Khademian AM (2007) The role of the public manager in inclusion: creating communities of participation. Governance 20:305–324
Feldman MS, Khademian AM, Ingram H, Schneider AS (2006) Ways of knowing and inclusive management practices. Public Adm Rev 66:89–99
Ferragina P, Scaiella U (2010) Tagme: on-the-fly annotation of short text fragments (by wikipedia entities). In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on information and knowledge management. ACM, pp 1625–1628
Gabrielatos C, Baker P (2008) Fleeing, sneaking, flooding: a corpus analysis of discursive constructions of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press, 1996–2005. J Engl Linguist 36:5–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424207311247
Giffinger R, Fertner C, Kramar H, Meijers E (2007) Smart cities—ranking of European medium-sized cities. Vienna University of Technology, Vienna
Goodspeed R (2014) Smart cities: moving beyond urban cybernetics to tackle wicked problems. Camb J Reg Econ Soc 8:79–92
Halsey A (2015) Department of Transportation offers $40 M prize to most innovative mid-sized city. Wash. Post
Heath A (2015) Driverless cars will be a boon for economies. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11952076/Driverless-cars-will-be-a-boon-for-economies.html. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Hevner A, Chatterjee S (2010) Design research in information systems. Springer, US
Hobolt SB, Klemmensen R (2005) Why labour didn’t listen: party competition and issue responsiveness in the recent British and US elections
Hollands RG (2008) Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City 12:303–320
Hollands RG (2015) Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Camb J Reg Econ Soc 8:61–77
Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE (2005) Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res 15:1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
Iivari J, Isomäki H, Pekkola S (2010) The user—the great unknown of systems development: reasons, forms, challenges, experiences and intellectual contributions of user involvement. Inf Syst J 20:109–117
Jervis S (2016) Using tech to deliver real human benefit. The Guardian, New York. https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=GRDN000020160225ec2p004h7&cat=a&ep=ASE. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Jucevičius R, Patašienė I, Patašius M (2014) Digital dimension of smart city: critical analysis. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 156:146–150
Juravle C, Lewis A (2008) Identifying impediments to SRI in Europe: a review of the practitioner and academic literature. Bus Ethics Eur Rev 17:285–310
Khalid MA, Jijkoun V, De Rijke M (2008) The impact of named entity normalization on information retrieval for question answering. In: European conference on information retrieval. Springer, Berlin, pp 705–710
Kitchin R (2014) Opening up smart cities: a report on the Smart City Expo World Congress. The Programmable City Project Blog
Kobie N (2015a) The internet of things: convenience at a price. The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/mar/30/internet-of-things-convenience-price-privacy-security. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Kobie N (2015b) Why smart cities need to get wise to security—and fast. The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/may/13/smart-cities-internet-things-security-cesar-cerrudo-ioactive-labs. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Kobie N (2015c) What is the internet of things? The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/may/06/what-is-the-internet-of-things-google. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Krippendorff K (2004) Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. Sage, London
Lam AY, Leung Y-W, Chu X (2016) Autonomous-vehicle public transportation system: scheduling and admission control. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 17:1210–1226
Lee J, Lee H (2014) Developing and validating a citizen-centric typology for smart city services. Gov Inf Q 31:S93–S105
Leonard A (2004) Focusing on maturity levels for the effective management of end users involved in software project teams. S Afr J Bus Manag 35:17–25
Lombardi P, Giordano S, Farouh H, Yousef W (2012) Modelling the smart city performance. Innov Eur J Soc Sci Res 25(2):137–149
Markus ML, Mao J-Y (2004) Participation in development and implementation-updating an old, tired concept for today’s IS contexts. J Assoc Inf Syst 5:14
Marrone M, Hammerle M (2016) An integrated literature review: establishing relevance for practitioners. In: International conference on information systems
Marrone M, Hammerle M (2017) Relevant research areas in it service management: an examination of academic and practitioner literatures. Commun AIS 41:517–543
Marsden H, Fallon K (2016) More of the best New Radicals 2016. The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jul/10/more-new-radicals-observer-nesta-social-enterprise-innovation-charity. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
McCombs ME, Shaw DL (1972) The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opin Q 36:176–187
McCombs ME, Shaw DL, Weaver DH (2014) New directions in agenda-setting theory and research. Mass Commun Soc 17:781–802
Microdesk (2013) Microdesk predicts critical mix of “futuristic” technologies to shape infrastructure revitalization in 2014. In: PR Newswire. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/microdesk-predicts-critical-mix-of-futuristic-technologies-to-shape-infrastructure-revitalization-in-2014-234221271.html. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Moed HF (2010) Measuring contextual citation impact of scientific journals. J Infometrics 4:265–277
Morgan R (2016) Australian newspaper readership, 12 months to December 2016. In: Roy Morgan Res. Ind. http://secure.livechatinc.com/licence/7376891/open_chat.cgi?groups=0&embedded=1&session_id=S1491792254.04c3e047d9&server=secure.livechatinc.com#http://www.roymorgan.com/industries/media/readership/newspaper-readership. Accessed 7 May 2017
Nam T, Pardo TA (2011) Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In: Proceedings of the 12th annual international digital government research conference: digital government innovation in challenging times. ACM, pp 282–291
Neirotti P, De Marco A, Cagliano AC et al (2014) Current trends in smart city initiatives: some stylised facts. Cities 38:25–36
O’Donnell B (2016) Small businesses will be big winners from IoT. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/2016/09/19/small-business-internet-of-things-column/89677178/. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Paroutis S, Bennett M, Heracleous L (2014) A strategic view on smart city technology: the case of IBM smarter cities during a recession. Technol Forecast Soc Change 89:262–272
Perlroth N (2015a) Traffic hacking: caution light is on. In: N. Y. Times Bits blog. https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/06/10/traffic-hacking-caution-light-is-on/. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Perlroth N (2015b) Smart city technology may be vulnerable to hackers. In: N. Y. Times Bits blog. https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/21/smart-city-technology-may-be-vulnerable-to-hackers/. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Perlroth N (2015c) Security researchers start effort to protect “smart” cities. In: N. Y. Times Bits blog. https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/26/security-researchers-start-effort-to-protect-smart-cities/. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Persistence Market Research Pvt Ltd (2017) Global smart cities market to reach us$ 3.482 trillion by 2026, APEJ to outpace North America. In: PR Newswire. http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/global-smart-cities-market-to-reach-us-3482-trillion-by-2026-apej-to-outpace-north-america-609626315.html. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Piccinno F, Ferragina P (2014) From TagME to WAT: a new entity annotator. In: Proceedings of the first international workshop on entity recognition & disambiguation. ACM, pp 55–62
Ramirez E (2016) Internet of bins: smart, solar powered trashcans in Colombian cities. The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/jun/14/internet-of-bins-smart-solar-powered-trashcans-in-colombian-cities. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Rascón E (2014) Smart cities|The balance sheet—Yardi Corporate blog. In: Yardi Corp. Blog. http://www.yardi.com/blog/technology/smart-cities/8605.html. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Raub S, Rüling C-C (2001) The knowledge management tussle–speech communities and rhetorical strategies in the development of knowledge management. J Inf Technol 16:113–130
Richardson E (2016) Connecting the connected car—automotive industries. Autom Ind. http://www.ai-online.com/Adv/Previous/show_issue.php?id=7039#sthash.f4udOBIC.EkKDm3xe.dpbs. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Saunders A (2014) The internet of everything. In: Manag today. http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/internet-everything/article/1291215. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Scott A (2017) Open data day: five countries to watch in 2017. The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/odine-partner-zone/2017/mar/03/open-data-day-five-countries-to-watch-in-2017. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Scott M, Tribble C (2006) Textual patterns: key words and corpus analysis in language education. John Benjamins, Amsterdam
Seale C, Ziebland S, Charteris-Black J (2006) Gender, cancer experience and internet use: a comparative keyword analysis of interviews and online cancer support groups. Soc Sci Med 62:2577–2590
Snider M (2017) A self-driver with a catch. USA Today. https://www.pressreader.com/usa/usa-today-us-edition/20170109/281809988580905. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Statista (2015) Circulation of select newspapers in the U.S. 2015. In: Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/272790/circulation-of-the-biggest-daily-newspapers-in-the-us/. Accessed 7 May 2017
Statista (2016) UK: top selling newspapers 2016. In: Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/246077/reach-of-selected-national-newspapers-in-the-uk/. Accessed 7 May 2017
The Guardian (2015) What’s the next challenge for cyber security? In: ePowerCRM. https://www.epowercrm.com/whats-the-next-challenge-for-cyber-security/. Accessed 13 Jun 2017
The PR Office Limited (2017) Kuang-Chi announces launch of UK investment strategy. In: PR Newswire. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kuang-chi-announces-launch-of-uk-investment-strategy-610802655.html. Accessed 7 Nov 2017
Thomas V, Wang D, Mullagh L, Dunn N (2016) Where’s Wally? In search of citizen perspectives on the smart city. Sustainability 8:207
Tsukayama H (2016) Consumer electronics show 2016: are we in an innovation lull?. Washington Post, Washington, D.C.
UNESCO (2014) 2004 world charter on the right to the city—UNESCO. http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/files/8218/112653091412005_-_World_Charter_Right_to_City_May_051.doc/2005+-+World+Charter+Right+to+City+May+051.doc. Accessed 10 Nov 2017
U.S. Department of Commerce (2016) Smart cities, regions and communities: export opportunities. U.S. Department of Commerce
Vanolo A (2014) Smartmentality: the smart city as disciplinary strategy. Urban Stud 51:883–898
Vargo CJ, Guo L, McCombs M, Shaw DL (2014) Network issue agendas on Twitter during the 2012 US presidential election. J Commun 64:296–316
Weiss CH (1977) Research for policy’s sake: the enlightenment function of social research. Policy Anal 3(4):531–545
Wheeland M (2016) Four ways technology will change how we commute in the future. The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/aug/17/urban-transportation-uber-lyft-smart-cities-san-francisco. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Yoo T (2016) Australia must catch up as industry 4.0 heralds fourth industrial revolution. The Guardian, New York. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/feb/01/australia-must-catch-up-as-industry-40-heralds-fourth-industrial-revolution. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Accepted after three revisions by the editors of the special issue.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marrone, M., Hammerle, M. Smart Cities: A Review and Analysis of Stakeholders’ Literature. Bus Inf Syst Eng 60, 197–213 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0535-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0535-3
Keywords
- Natural language processing
- Content analysis and indexing
- Keyword analysis
- Smart city
- Information storage and retrieval
- Text analysis
- Keyness