Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the performance of a 2-D square lattice photonic crystal channel drop filter by varying horizontal cavity dimensions. Computational analysis revealed a direct relationship between cavity size and the number of channels, with wider cavities accommodating multi-channels while narrower ones serve as single-channel drop filter. Furthermore, the dimension of cavity controls frequency of the drop signal, offering adaptability in filter design to meet specific spectral requirements. Visual representations of electric field distribution illustrate the coupling mechanism between the input waveguide and the defect cavity, elucidating the filtering effect achieved by channel drop filter configuration. Such findings contribute to advancing photonic crystal-based devices for applications such as wavelength division multiplexing, optical communication systems, and biosensing. Future research aims to refine filter designs, enhancing their performance and expanding their utility in cutting-edge photonics technologies.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
No data associated in the manuscript.
References
J.D. Joannopoulos, S.G. Johnson, J.N. Winn, R.D. Meade, Photonic crystals: molding the flow of light. (Princeton University Press, NJ, USA, ). (2011)
N. Kumar, B. Suthar, Advances in Photonic Crystals and Devices. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351029421
Ankita, S. Bissa, B. Suthar, C. Nayak, A. Bhargava, An improved optical biosensor design using defect/metal multilayer photonic crystal for malaria diagnosis. Results Opt. 9, 100304 (2022)
G.N. Pandey, B. Suthar, N. Kumar, K.B. Thapa, Omnidirectional reflectance of superconductor-dielectric photonic crystal in THz frequency range. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 34, 2031 (2021)
N. Kumar, B. Suthar, C. Nayak, A. Bhargava, Analysis of a gas sensor based on one-dimensional photonic crystal structure with a designed defect cavity. Phys. Scr. 98,065506 (2023)
V. Kumar, B. Suthar, A. Kumar, K.S. Singh, A. Bhargava, S.P. Ojha, Silicon based one-dimensional photonic crystal as a TM-mode filter. Silicon 6, 73 (2014)
B. Suthar, A. Bhargava, Pressure sensor based on quantum well-structured photonic crystal. Silicon 13, 1765 (2021)
F. Segovia-Chaves, H. Vinck-Posada, E.A. Gómez, Superconducting one-dimensional photonic crystal with coupled semiconductor defects. Optik (Stuttg), 209, 164572 (2020)
B. Suthar, V. Kumar, A. Kumar, K.S. Singh, A. Bhargava, Thermal expansion of photonic band gap for one dimensional photonic crystal. Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett. 32, 81 (2012)
N. Kumar, S. Kaliramna, M. Singh, Design of cold plasma based ternary photonic crystal for microwave applications. Silicon 14, 6933 (2022)
N. Kumar, J. Saraf, Tunable reflectance characteristics of magnetized cold plasma based one-dimensional defective photonic crystal. Optik (Stuttg). 252, 168577 (2022)
S.A. Taya, I. Colak, B. Suthar, O.M. Ramahi, Cancer cell detector based on a slab waveguide of anisotropic, lossy, and dispersive left-handed material. Appl. Opt. 60, 8360 (2021)
N. Kumar, Sonika, B. Suthar, A. Rostami, Novel optical behaviors of metamaterial and polymer-based ternary photonic crystal with lossless and lossy features. Opt. Commun. 529, 129073 (2023)
A. Kumar, B. Suthar, V. Kumar, K.S. Singh, A. Bhargava, Tunable wavelength demultiplexer for DWDM application using 1-D photonic crystal. Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett. 33, 27 (2012)
M.K. Chhipa, B.T.P. Madhav, B. Suthar, An all-optical ultracompact microring-resonator-based optical switch. J. Comput. Electron. 20, 419 (2021)
M.K. Chhipa, B.T.P. Madhav, S. Robinson, V. Janyani, B. Suthar, Realization of all-optical logic gates using a single design of 2D photonic band gap structure by square ring resonator. Opt. Eng. 60, 075104 (2021)
V. Kumar, B. Suthar, A. Kumar, K. S. Singh, A. Bhargava, Design of a wavelength division demultiplexer using Si-based one-dimensional photonic crystal with a defect. Optik (Stuttg). 124, 2527 (2013)
V. Kumar, A. Kumar, B. Suthar, J. V. Malik, Broadening and tuning of omni-directional reflection gap in a 1D photonic crystal consisting semiconducting constituents. Optik (Stuttg). 126, 977 (2015)
B. Suthar, A.K. Nagar, A. Bhargava, Slow light transmission in chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguide. J. Electron. Sci. Technol. 8, 39 (2010)
B. Suthar, V. Kumar, K.S. Singh, A. Bhargava, Tuning of photonic band gaps in one dimensional chalcogenide based photonic crystal. Opt. Commun. 285, 1505 (2012)
A. Bhargava, B. Suthar, Optical switching in kerr nonlinear chalcogenide photonic crystal. J. Ovonic Res. 5, 187 (2009)
M. A. Islam, M. R. Islam, A. M. Al Naser, F. Anzum, F. Z. Jaba, Square structured photonic crystal fiber based THz sensor design for human body protein detection. J. Comput. Electron. 20, 377 (2021)
M.K. Chhipa, B.T.P. Madhav, B. Suthar, V. Janyani, Ultra-compact with improved data rate optical encoder based on 2D linear photonic crystal ring resonator. Photonic Netw. Commun. 44, 30 (2022)
M.K. Chhipa, D.S. Priya, M. Radhouene, B. Suthar, K. Srimannarayana, Fractal structure ring resonator based channel drop filter for optical networks using InP dielectric material. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 12, 6195 (2017)
B. Suthar, A.K. Nagar, A. Bhargava, Tuning the localized mode in point defect chalcogenide photonic crystal. Chalcogenide Lett. 6, 623 (2009)
A. Bhargava, B. Suthar, Localized modes in chalcogenide photonic multilayers with as-S-Se defect layer. Chalcogenide Lett. 6, 529 (2009)
Z. Gharsallah, M. Najjar, B. Suthar, V. Janyani, Slow light enhanced bio sensing properties of silicon sensors. Opt. Quantum Electron. 51, 358 (2019)
A. Benmerkhi, M. Bouchemat, T. Bouchemat, Design of two-dimensional photonic crystal biosensor using DNA detection. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. 195, 960 (2020)
Ankita, S. Bissa, B. Suthar, A. Bhargava, Graded photonic crystal as improved sensor for nanobiophotonic application. Macromol. Symp. 401, 2100319 (2022)
M.K. Chhipa, B.T.P. Madhav, B. Suthar, K. Srimannarayana, Design and analysis of a circular ring resonator based optical switch with temperature effect. Int. J. Pure Appl. Math. 117, 141 (2017)
S. A. Taya, D. N. Alhamss, I. Colak, S. K. Patel, Sensitivity enhancement of an optical sensor based on a binary photonic crystal for the detection of Escherichia coli by controlling the central wavelength and the angle of incidence. Opt. Quantum Electron. 54, 127 (2022)
Ankita, S. Bissa, B. Suthar, A. Bhargava, Optical sensor for biomedical application based on photonic crystal with double defect. Mater. Today Proc. 62, 5407 (2022)
A. Bijalwan, B. K. Singh, V. Rastogi, Analysis of one-dimensional photonic crystal based sensor for detection of blood plasma and cancer cells. Optik (Stuttg). 226, 165994 (2021)
A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, Computational electrodynamics: the finite-difference time-domain method, (Third Edition, Artech House Publishers, UK ). (2005)
Funding
The authors received no funding for the completion of this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Since there are no studies involving either human or animal subjects, ethical approval is not required.
Competing interests
All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, R., Sharma, M.D. & Bhargava, A. Exploring the performance of 2-D square lattice photonic crystal channel drop filters with varying horizontal cavity dimensions. J Opt (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-01884-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-01884-0