Abstract
We unveil the use of a pair of free-form refractive elements for optically implementing tunable phase delays, over several annularly distributed regions, which are here represented by a binary function. We show that there is a closely related technique, which is useful for controlling amplitude attenuations over selected annularly distributed regions. We combine our two proposals for describing a tunable radial Schlieren technique, as well as a controllable phase contrast technique.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Kingslake, R.B. Johnson, Lens Design Fundamentals (Academic, Amsterdam, 2010)
H.H. Hopkins, 2-Conjugate Zoom Systems, in Optical Instruments and Techniques, ed. by J. Home Dickson (Oriel Press, Newcastle, 1970)
I. Kitajima, Improvement in lenses. British Patent 250, 268 (July 29, 1926)
W.T. Plummer, J.G. Baker, J. van Tassell, Photographic optical systems with nonrotational aspheric surfaces. Appl. Opt. 38, 3572–3592 (1999)
L.W. Alvarez, Two-element variable-power spherical lens. US Patent 3,305, 294 (December 3, 1964)
Adolf W. Lohmann, Lente a focale variabili. Italian Patent 727,848 (June 19, 1964)
A. W. Lohmann, Improvements relating to lenses and to variable optical lens systems formed for such a lens. Patent Specification 998,191, London (1965)
A.W. Lohmann, A new class of varifocal lenses. Appl. Opt. 9, 1669–1671 (1970)
J. Ojeda-Castaneda, S. Ledesma, C.M. Gómez-Sarabia, Tunable Apodizers and Tunable Focalizers using helical pairs. Photonics Lett. Pol. 5, 20–22 (2013)
J. Ojeda-Castaneda, C.M. Gómez-Sarabia, Tunable Focalizers: Axicons, Lenses and Axilenses. eds. J. Ojeda-Castaneda, M.J. Yzuel, R.B. Johnson. Proceedings SPIE 8833, 8833061–8833066 (2013)
J.K.T. Eu, A.W. Lohmann, Isotropic Hilbert spatial filtering. Opt. Commun. 9, 257 (1973)
J. Ojeda-Castaneda, L.R. Berriel-Valdos, Classification scheme and properties of the Schlieren techniques. Appl. Opt. 18, 3338–3341 (1979)
J. Ojeda-Castañeda, Foucault, wire and phase-modulation tests, Chapter 8, in Optical Shop Testing, ed. Daniel Malacara (Wiley, Hoboken, 2007), pp. 291–292
J. Ojeda-Castaneda, E. Jara, Isotropic Hilbert transform by anisotropic spatial filtering. Appl. Opt. 25, 4035–4038 (1986)
F. Zernike, Phase contrast, a new method for the microscopic observation of transparent objects. Physica 9, 686 (1942). reprinted in Achievements in Optics, ed. A. Bouwers (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1950), pp. 116–135
E. Menzel, Die Abbildung von Phasenobjeckten in der Optischen Ubertraugstheorie, in Optics in Metrology, ed. by P. Mollet (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1960), pp. 283–293
E. Menzel, W. Mirandé, I. Weingaertner, Fourier-Optik und Holographie (Springer, Wien, 1973), pp. 77–79
J. Ojeda-Castaneda, Spatial Filtering Properties of the Methods Employed to Detect Phase Structures, Under Partially Coherent Illumination, in Optica Hoy y Mañana, ed. by J. Bescos, A. Hidalgo, L. Plaza, J. Santamaria (Sociedad Española de Optica, ICO, Madrid, 1978), pp. 287–290
J. Ojeda-Castaneda, A proposal to classify methods employed to detect thin phase structures, under coherent illumination. Opt. Acta 27, 917–929 (1980)
J. Ojeda-Castaneda, Necessary and sufficient conditions for thin phase imagery. Opt. Acta 27, 905–915 (1980)
S. Bernet, A. Jesacher, S. Fuerhapter, C. Maurer, M. Ritsch-Marte, Quantitative imaging of complex samples by spiral phase contrast microscopy. Opt. Express 14(9), 3792–3805 (2006)
S. Bernet, M. Ritsch-Marte, Optical device with a pair of diffractive optical elements. US Patent 0134869 A1 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ojeda-Castañeda, J., Gómez-Sarabia, C.M. & Ledesma, S. Novel free-form optical pairs for tunable focalizers. J Opt 43, 85–91 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-014-0194-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-014-0194-9