Abstract
The increase in the number of tubewells and associated irrigated area is increasing pressure on the groundwater resource. Therefore, present study focuses on detailed elaboration on spatio-temporal variations in groundwater level and its relation with rainfall and other corresponding factors in Jind district of Haryana. Study area contributes nearly 10% of food grain production to the state. Present study utilizes secondary data acquired from various departments of state government of Haryana. The temporal variability is studied by calculating minimum, maximum, average depth and yearly rise/fall of groundwater table from 1987 to 2017. The non-parametric tests like Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope and parametric tests like linear regression are used to understand the behavior of groundwater table. The rate of depletion is 19 cm per year in pre-monsoon season and 24 cm per year during post-monsoon season. The central, north and north-western part of the study area is facing sharp decline in groundwater table. This decline of groundwater table is found to be correlated with the cultivation of rice crop and increase in tubewell irrigated areas. Contrary to this, the southern and south-western part of the study area is becoming more vulnerable to waterlogging.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
CGWB (2020) Dynamic groundwater resource of India. Central Groundwater Board, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, New Delhi cgwb.gov.in/documents/2021-08-02-GWRA_Jndia_2020.pdf
Christakos, G. (2000) Modern Spatiotemporal Geostatistics. Oxford University Press, USA
Cui, X., Liu, Q., Zhang, C., Huang, Y., Fan, Y. and Wang, H. (2018) Land Subsidence due to Groundwater Pumping and Recharge: Considering the Particle-deposition Effect in Ground-source Heat-pump Engineering. Hydrogeol. Jour., v.26(3), pp.789–802.
DESA (2020) Statistical Abstract of Haryana. Department of Economic and Statistical Analysis, Government of Haryana, Panchkula. https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s32b0f658cbffd284984fb11d90254081f/uploads/2021/07/2021072372.pdf
Foster, S., Pulido-Bosch, A., Vallejos, Á., Molina, L., Llop, A. and MacDonald, A. M. (2018) Impact of Irrigated Agriculture on Groundwater Recharge Salinity: A Major Sustainability Concern in Semi-arid Regions. Hydrogeol. Jour., v.26(8), pp.2781–2791.
Gilbert, R.O. (1987) Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA
Hasan, K., Sondipon, P., Jamal, T. and Antipova, A. (2021) Analysis of Groundwater Table Variability and Trend Using Ordinary Kriging: The Case Study of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Appl. Water. Sci., v.11(120), pp.1–12.
Helsel, D. R. (2005) Nondetects and Data Analysis: Statistics for Censored Environmental Data. John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey, USA
Kitanidis, P. (1997) Introduction to Geostatistics: Application to Hydrology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Omvir, S. and Amrita (2015) Groundwater Variability in Haryana: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis. Punjab. Geogr. v.11, pp.13–36.
Perkin, J. S., Gido, K. B., Falk, J. A., Fausch, K. D., Crockett, H., Johnson, E. R., Sanderson, J. and Turner, B. L. (2017) Groundwater Declines are Linked to Changes in Great Plains Stream Fish Assemblages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. v.114(28), pp.7373–7378.
Rakad, A.T., Alaeddin, B.T. and Ghazi, A.S. (2009) Geostatistical Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variability of Groundwater Level Fluctuations in Amman-Zarqa Basin, Jordan: A Case Study. Environ. Geol., v.57, pp.525–535.
Scott, C. A. and Shah, T. (2004) Groundwater Overdraft Reduction through Agricultural Energy Policy: Insights from India and Mexico. Int. Jour. Water. Res. Dev., v.20(4), pp.149–164.
Sen, P. K. (1968) Estimation of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall’s Tau. Jour. Amer. Stat. Assoc. v.63, pp.1379–1389.
Seyed, H. A. and Abbas, S. (2007) Geostatistical Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Groundwater Level. Environ. Monit. Assess. v.129, pp.277–294.
Turner, S. W. D., Hejazi, M., Yonkofski, C., Kim, S.H. and Kyle, P. (2019) Influence of Groundwater Extraction Costs and Resource Depletion Limits on Simulated Global Nonrenewable Water Withdrawals Over the Twenty-first Century. Earths Future, v.7(2), pp.123–135.
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to the Chairperson, Department of Geography, Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University for providing access to the laboratory in odd hours to complete this research work. The authors are also thankful to the staff of the Groundwater Cell and Revenue Office, Jind for their cooperation in the data collection process.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sitender, Chaudhary, B.S., Singh, A. et al. Study of Spatio-temporal Variability of Groundwater Table in Semi-arid Agrarian District of Haryana. J Geol Soc India 99, 563–569 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-023-2345-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-023-2345-6