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AHP and GIS-based Delineation of Groundwater Potential of Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh, India

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Journal of the Geological Society of India

Abstract

Water is crucial to human survival. Studies on surface water are well documented but precise knowledge of groundwater resources is difficult. Thus, accurate knowledge of groundwater resources could meet the necessities of water at present and in the long run. Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS) together with multi-criteria parameters has emerged as an efficient technique for delineation of groundwater potential in recent decades. However, no efforts to delineate the groundwater potential have been attempted in the study area till date. Hence, in this study, the groundwater potential of Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh was delineated by combining AHP, overlay analysis, GIS, and ten thematic layers (geomorphology, geology, slope, lineament density, drainage density, rainfall, distance from the major river, topographic wetness index, soil texture, and land use/land cover). The results show about 64% of the area under poor groundwater potential. Moderate and good groundwater potential is found in 31% and 5% of the area. Map-removal and single-parameter sensitivity analyses revealed that the groundwater potential map is most sensitive to the annual average rainfall with a mean variation index of 1.05% and a weight of 19.07%. The flood/alluvial plains, Siwalik formations with sediments, and level to gentle slopes receiving high rainfall show good potential, and the dissected hills/valleys, metamorphic rock assemblages, steep slopes with low rainfall reveals poor groundwater potential. The overall accuracy of 81.25% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.72 explains good agreement between the reference data and the map. The estimated area under good groundwater potential appears too little concerning the increasing population and urbanization. Therefore, the state government in general and the water resources and planning department in particular need to formulate suitable strategies to combat the water scarcity scenario waiting ahead. The study suggests raising the use of surface water from nearby rivers to lessen the pressure on groundwater resources.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Prof. Saket Kushwaha, Vice-Chancellor, Rajiv Gandhi University for continuous encouragement and support. The authors also sincerely acknowledge the NITI Aayog, Geological Survey of India, Central Groundwater Board, National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, India, etc. for making available the database used in this study. Lastly, we are thankful to the Soil & Limnological Laboratory, Department of Geography, RGU for facilitating the laboratory equipment.

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  1. Department of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, 791 112, India

    Ranjit Mahato, Dhoni Bushi & Gibji Nimasow

  2. Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, 791 112, India

    Oyi Dai Nimasow

  3. Department of Geography, Kumaun University, DSB Campus, Nainital, 263 001, India

    Ramesh Chandra Joshi

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  1. Ranjit Mahato
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Correspondence to Gibji Nimasow.

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Mahato, R., Bushi, D., Nimasow, G. et al. AHP and GIS-based Delineation of Groundwater Potential of Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh, India. J Geol Soc India 98, 102–112 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-1936-y

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