References
Almeida, R., Lindsey, E. O., Bradley, K., Hubbard, J., Mallick, R., & Hill, E. M. (2018) Can the updip limit of frictional locking on megathrusts be detected geodetically? Quantifying the effect of stress shadows on near-trench coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett., v.45, pp.4754–4763, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077785
Avouac J.-P, Ayoub F, Leprince S, Konca O, Helmberger DV (2006) The 2005, Mw 7.6 Kashmir earthquake: sub-pixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic waveforms analysis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.249, pp.516–528.
Avouac, J.-P., Meng, L., Wei, S., Wang, T., Ampuero, J.-P., (2015) Lower edge of locked Main Himalayan Thrust unzipped by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Nat. Geosci. v.8, pp.708–711. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2518.
Bilham, R., David Mencin, Rebecca Bendick, Roland Bürgmann (2017) Implications for elastic energy storage in the Himalaya from the Gorkha 2015 earthquake and other incomplete ruptures of the Main Himalayan Thrust. Quaternary Internat. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.055
Bilham, R. (2019) Himalayan Earthquakes: A Review of Historical Seismicity and Early 21st Century Slip Potential. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ., v.483(1), pp. 423–482), doi:https://doi.org/10.1144/SP483.16
Dal Zilio, L., R Jolivet, Y van Dinther (2020) Segmentation of the Main Himalayan Thrust illuminated by Bayesian inference of interseismic coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett., v.47(4), doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086424
Gahalaut, V. K. (2010) Probable role of sediments in blinding the rupture — lessons from the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and implication for the Himalayan earthquakes. Curr. Sci., v.98, pp.1518–1520.
Gahalaut, V.K. and Bhaskar Kundu (2012) Possible influence of subducting ridges on the Himalayan arc and on the ruptures of great and major Himalayan earthquakes. Gondwana Res., v.21, pp.1080–1088, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.07.021.
Gupta, H.K. and Gahalaut, V.K. (2015) Can an earthquake of Mw ≤ 9 occur in the Himalayan region? In: Mukherjee, S., Carosi, R., Van Der Beek, P.A., Mukherjee, B.K. & Robinson, D.M. (Eds.), Tectonics of the Himalaya. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ., v.412, pp.43–53, doi:https://doi.org/10.1144/SP412.10
Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S.G., Rockwell, T.K., Briggs, R.W., Thakur, V.C. and Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006) Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian Himalaya. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.111, B03304, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003309.
Malik, J.N., Sambit P. Naik, Santiswarup Sahoo, Koji Okumura and Asmita Mohanty (2017) Paleoseismic evidence of the CE 1505 (?) and CE 1803 earthquakes from the foothill zone of the Kumaon Himalaya along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), India. Tectonophysics, v.714–715, pp.133–145.
Michel, S., Jolivet, R., Rollins, C., Jara, J. and Dal Zilio, L. (2021) Seismogenic potential of the Main Himalayan Thrust constrained by coupling segmentation and earthquake scaling. Geophys. Res. Lett., v.48, e2021GL093106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093106
Sapkota, S.N., Bollinger, L., Klinger, Y., Tapponnier, P., Gaudemer, Y. and Tiwari, D. (2013) Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255. Nature Geoscience, v.6, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1669
Schiffman, C., Bali, B.S., Szeliga, W. and Bilham, R. (2013) Seismic slip deficit in the Kashmir Himalaya from GPS observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., v.40, pp.5642–5645, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057700.
Wesnousky, S.G., Kumahara, Y., Nakata, T., Chamlagain, D. and Neupane, P. (2018) New observations disagree with previous interpretations of surface rupture along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust during the great 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake. Geophys. Res. Lett., v.45, pp.2652–2658, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2018GL077035
Yadav, R.K., Roy, P.N.S., Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Khan, P.K., Catherine, J.K., Sanjay K. Prajapati, Amit Kumar, Puviarasan, N., Harsh Bhu, Devachandra, M., Javed Malik, Bhaskar Kundu, Chandrani Debbarma and Gahalaut, V.K. (2017) Rupture model of Mw 7.8 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake: Constraints from GPS measurements of coseismic offsets. Jour. Asian Earth Sci., v.133, pp.56–61, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.04.015
Yadav, R.K., Gahalaut, V.K., Amit Kumar, Sati, S.P., Joshi Catherine, Param Gautam, Kireet Kumar and Naresh Rana (2019) Strong seismic coupling underneath Garhwal-Kumaun region, NW Himalaya, India. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.506, pp.8–14.
Zhao, W., Nelson, K.D., Che, J., Quo, D., Lu, Wu, C. and Liu, X. (1993) Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet. Nature, v.366, pp.557–559.
Acknowledgement
I thank Prof Harsh Gupta for inviting me to write this Editorial. He also provided valuable inputs on the content. This is CSIR-NGRI publication number NGRI/Lib/2021/Pub-128.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gahalaut, V.K. Great and Major Earthquakes in the Himalayan Arc. J Geol Soc India 97, 1327–1330 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-021-1870-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-021-1870-4