Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lagerstroemia L. wood from the Kimin Formation (Upper Siwalik) of Arunachal Pradesh and its Climatic and Phytogeographic Significance

  • Published:
Journal of the Geological Society of India

Abstract

A fossil wood of Lagerstroemia L. from the Upper Siwalik sediments of Arunachal Pradesh is described. The genus is recorded for the first time from this state. The modern analog of the fossil species i.e. L. tomentosa C. Presl is not found in the fossil locality at present.. The most plausible reason for the disappearance of the species from the fossil locality is an increase in temperature seasonality caused by the upheaval of the Himalaya during the Pleistocene.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Awasthi, N. (1981) Fossil woods belonging to Sterculiaceae and Lythraceae from the Cuddalore Series near Pondicherry. Palaeobotanist, v.27, pp.182–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bera, S. and Khan, M. (2009) Record of fruit and leaflet cf. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre from the upper Siwalik sediments (Kimin Formation) of Arunachal Pradesh. In: Mondal, S. and Bhattacharya, S. (Eds.), Advances in Plant Biology, D Bhattacharya Birth Centenary Commemorative Volume, Springer, Berlin, pp.432–441.

  • Bera Subir, De Aniruddha and De Bimalendu (2004) First record of Elaeocarpus Linn. Fruits from the Upper Siwalik sediments (Kimin Formation) of Arunachal Pradesh. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.64, pp.350–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaloner, W.G. and Creber, G.T. (1990) Do fossil plants give a climatic signal? Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v.147, pp.343–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Ye-Ming, Li, Cheng-Sen, Jiang, Xiao-Mei and Wang, Yu-Fei (2007) A new species of Lagerstroemioxylon (Lythraceae) from the Pliocene of Yuanmou, Yunnan, China. Acta Phytotax. Sin., v.45(3), pp.315–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, S.-K., Kim, K., Jeong, E.-K., Terada, K., Suzuki, M. and Uematsu, H. (2010) Fossil woods from the Miocene in the Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. IAWA J., v.31, pp.95–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chirouze, F., Dupont-Nivet, G., Huyghe, P., van der Beek, P., Chakraborti, T., Bernet, M. and Erens, V. (2012) Magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Siwalik Group in the far eastern Himalaya: Kameng section, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Jour. Asian Earth Sci., v.44, pp.117–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeCelles, P.G. and Currie, B.S. (1996) Long-term sediment accumulation in the Middle Jurassic-early Eocene cordilleran retroarc foreland basin system. Geology, v.24, pp.91–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S.A. (2013) Fossil records in the Lythraceae. Bot Rev., v.79, pp.48–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guleria, J.S. (1996) Occurrence of Dipterocarpus in the Mar Formation of Bikaner, Rajasthan, western India. Palaeobotanist, v.43, pp.49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harsh, R. and Sharma, B.D. (1995) Petrified Tertiary woods from Bikaner (Rajasthan). Indian Jour. Earth Sci., v.22, pp.104–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, L.J. (1977) Stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (early Tertiary) of western north Dakota. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem., v.150, pp.1–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilic, J. (1991) CSIRO atlas of hard woods. Berlin, Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Association of Wood Anatomists (1989) IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWA New Ser., v.10, pp.219–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, A. and Chakraborty, P.P. (2001) Systematic geological mapping in parts of East and West Kameng districts, Arunachal Pradesh. Geol. Surv. India Unpubld. Progress Rep. for F.S. 1999-2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, A., Mehrotra, R.C. and De, A. (2003a) A fossil wood from the Upper Siwalik sediments of West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Proc. Fourth South Asia Geological Congress (GEOSAS -IV), The Director General Geol. Surv. India, Kolkata, pp.312–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, A., Tewari, R., Mehrotra, R.C., Chakraborty, P.P. and De, A. (2003b) Plant remains from the Upper Siwalik sediments of West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.61, pp.319–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacey, W.S. (1963) Palaeobotany technique. In: Carthey, J.D. and Duddington, I. (Eds.), Viewpoint in Biology, Butterworths, London, pp.202–243.

  • Khan, M.A., Ghosh, R., Bera, S., Spicer, R.A. and Spicer, T.E.V. (2011) Floral diversity during Plio-Pleistocene Siwalik sedimentation (Kimin Formation) in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and its palaeoclimatic significance. Palaeobio. Palaeoenv., v.91, pp.237–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M.A., Spicer, R.A., Bera, S., Ghosh, R., Yang, J., Spicer, T.E.V., Guo, S.X., Tao S., Frédéric, J., Grote, P.J. (2014a) Miocene to Pleistocene floras and climate of the Eastern Himalayan Siwaliks, and new palaeoelevation estimates for the Namling–Oiyug Basin, Tibet. Global Planet. Change, v.113, pp.1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M.A., Spicer, T.E.V., Spicer, R.A. and Bera, S. (2014b) Occurrence of Gynocardia odorata Robert Brown (Achariaceae, formerly Flacourtiaceae) from the Plio-Pleistocene sediments of Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India and its palaeoclimatic and phytogeographic significance. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., v.211, pp.1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M.A., Bera, S., Ghosh, R., Spicer, Robert A. and Spicer, T.E.V. (2015) Leaf cuticular morphology of some angiosperm taxa from the Siwalik sediments (middle Miocene to lower Pleistocene) of Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: Systematic and palaeoclimatic implications. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., v.214, pp.9–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M.A., Spicer, R.A., Spicer, T.E.V. and Bera, S. (2016) Occurrence of Shorea Roxburgh ex C. F. Gaertner (Dipterocarpaceae) in the Neogene Siwalik forests of eastern Himalaya and its biogeography during the Cenozoic of Southeast Asia. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., v.233, pp.236–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M.A., Bera, M., Spicer, R.A., Spicer, T.E.V., Bera, S. (2017a) First occurrence of mastixioid (Cornaceae) fossil in India and its biogeographic implications. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. v.247, pp.83–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M.A., Spicer, R.A., Spicer, T.E.V. and Bera, S. (2017b) Evidence for diversification of Calophyllum L. (Calophyllaceae) in the Neogene Siwalik forests of eastern Himalaya. Plant. Syst. Evol. v.303, pp.371–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kribs, D.A. (1959) Commercial foreign woods on the American market. Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakhanpal, R.N., Prakash, U. and Awasthi, N. (1981) Some more dicotyledonous woods from the Tertiary of Deomali, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist, v.27, pp.232–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mabberley, D.J. (2008) Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mädler, K. (1939) Die pliozäne flora von Frankfurt am Main. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., v.446, pp.1–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacGinitie, H.D. (1941) A middle Eocene flora from the central Sierra Nevada. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ., Washington, v.534, pp.1–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehrotra, R.C., Awasthi, N. and Dutta, S.K. (1999) Study of fossil wood from the upper Tertiary sediments (Siwalik) of Arunachal Pradesh, India and its implication in palaeoecological and phytogeographical interpretations. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., v.107, pp.223–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, C.R. and Chalk, L. (1950) Anatomy of the dicotyledons, 1 and 2. Clarendon, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, A. (1978) Photomicrographs of world woods. Building Research Establishment Report, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosbrugger, V. (1999) The nearest living relative method. In: Jones T.P. and Rowe N.P., (Eds.), Fossil plants and spores modern techniques. Geol. Soc., London, pp.261–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama, K. and Ulak, P.D. (1999) Evolution of fluvial style in the Siwalik Group in the foothills of the Nepal Himalaya. Sediment. Geol., v.125, pp.205–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Negi, B.S. (1982) Family Lythraceae. In: Purkayastha, S.K. (Ed.). Indian Woods 1. The Controller of Publications, Delhi, pp.28–37.

  • Pearson, R.S. and Brown, H.P. (1932) Commercial timbers of India, 1 and 2. Government of India Publication Branch, Calcutta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, U. (1965) Fossil wood of Lagerstroemia from the Tertiary of Burma. Curr. Sci., v.34, pp.484–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, U. and Bande, M.B. (1980) Some more fossil woods from the Tertiary of Burma. Palaeobotanist, v.26, pp.261–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, U. and Tripathi, P.P. (1970) Fossil woods from the Tipam Sand stones near Hailakand i, Assam. Palaeobotanist, v.18, pp.183–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, U., Du, N. and Tripathi, P.P. (1992) Fossil woods from Tipam Sand stones of northeast India with remarks on palaeoenvironment of the region during the Middle Miocene. Biol. Mem., v.18, pp.1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, M. (1993) Siwalik (Middle Miocene) woods from the Kalagarh area in the Himalayan foothills and their bearing on palaeoclimate and phytogeography. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., v.76, pp.49–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spicer, R.A., Bera, S., De Bera, S., Spicer, T.E.V., Srivastava, G., Mehrotra, R., Mehrotra, N. and Yang, J. (2011) Why do foliar physiognomic climate estimates sometimes differ from those observed? Insights from taphonomic information loss and a CLAMP case study from the Ganges Delta. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., v.302, pp.381–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, R. and Mehrotra, R.C. (2009) Plant fossils from Dafla Formation, West Kameng Dist., Arunachal Pradesh. Palaeobotanist, v.58, pp.33–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, G., Gaur, R. and Mehrotra, R.C. (2015) Lagerstroemia L. from the middle Miocene Siwalik deposits, northern India: implication for Cenozoic range shifts of the genus and the family Lythraceae. Jour. Earth Syst. Sci., v.24, pp.227–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, Gaurav, Mehrotra, R.C. and Srikarni, C. (2018) Fossil wood flora from the Siwalik sediments of Arunachal Pradesh and its climatic and phytogeographic significance. Jour. Earth Syst. Sci., v.127(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdiya, K.S. (2002) Emergence and evolution of Himalaya: reconstructing history in the light of recent studies. Prog. Phys. Geogr., v.26, pp.360–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hinsbergen Douwe, J.J., Lippert, Peter C., Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume, McQuarrie, N., Doubrovine, P.V, Spakman, W. and Torsvik, T.H. (2011) Greater India Basin hypothesis and a two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., v.109(20), pp.7659–7664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, E.A., Pearson, R.G., La Pasha, C.A., Zack, T. and Hatley, W. (1986) Computer aided wood identification. North Carolina Agricultural Res. Service Bull., v.474, pp.1–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, J.A. (1993) A method of obtaining climatic parameters from leaf assemblages. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull., v.2040, pp.1–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, F.I., Lomas, M.R. and Kelly, C.K. (2004) Global climate and the distribution of plant biomes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, v.359, pp.1465–1476.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226 007, India

    R. C. Mehrotra & Gaurav Srivastava

  2. Geological Survey of India, Sector 10A, Gandhinagar, 282 010, India

    C. Srikarni

Authors
  1. R. C. Mehrotra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gaurav Srivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Srikarni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gaurav Srivastava.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mehrotra, R.C., Srivastava, G. & Srikarni, C. Lagerstroemia L. wood from the Kimin Formation (Upper Siwalik) of Arunachal Pradesh and its Climatic and Phytogeographic Significance. J Geol Soc India 91, 695–699 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-0925-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-0925-7

Search

Navigation