Abstract
In order to assess the groundwater potentiality and augmentation of water supply schemes, estimation of the safe yield, well loss, formation loss, horse power of pump, depth of pump installation and duration of the pumping are essential. These parameters are estimated either by means of in-situ test or laboratory test. But the applicability of result from the laboratory test has limitations while in-situ tests give real representation of individual well of aquifer. The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on well, which involves measurement of the fall and rise of water level with respect to time. The changes in water level (drawdown/recovery) and its quality are caused due to pumping of water from the well. Such study was carried out in Salur Mandal, Vizainagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
In this study, special emphasis was given to the step draw down test at 13 bore wells with maximum 4-steps preferably increasing discharge rate (ranges: 24–293 lpm) for the intensification of safe drinking water supply. Simultaneously 26 groundwater samples were collected separately in 2 steps of the pumping phases from each well and then chemically analyzed. This study indicates that the recommended yields varied from 3600 to 12000 lph. The wells could be used in safely with recommended yield of 5000 lph and pumped for 1 to 2 hrs in 4 to 8 hrs intervals per day. Groundwater is of nearly neutral to mildly acidic and alkaline nature in the pumping stresses. The total dissolved solids (TDS) varied from 142–1050 mg/l, but its values changed from −67 to 240 mg/l during the pumping phases. The concentrations of chloride and sulphate changed from −20 to 30 mg/l and −2 to 8 mg/l, respectively, but about 39% groundwater samples are of constant Cl− concentration. In these pumping phases groundwater is hydrochemically within permissible limit for drinking water supply. This study provides the basis of safe drinking water to tribals, backward class communities and school children.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
APHA (1985) Standard methods for the examination of water and waste. 16th edn., Am. Public Health Assoc. Washington DC, USA, p.100.
Brown, E., Skougstad, M.W. and Fishmen, M.J. (1983) Method for collection and analyzing of water samples for dissolved minerals and gases. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington DC, USA, p.75.
Das, S.N., Mondal, N.C. and Singh, V.S. (2007) Groundwater exploration in hard rock areas of Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Jour. Indian Geophys. Union, v.11, pp.79–90.
Davis, S.N. (1988) Artesian wells of France, Darcy’s law and specific capacity. EOS, v.69(44), p.1203.
Domenico, P.A. and Schwartz, F.W. (1990) Physical and chemical hydrogeology. John Willey and Sons, New York, p.633.
Heeley, R.W. and Mabee, S.B. (1983) A cost-effective technique for reconnaissance evaluation of aquifers. In: D.M. Nielsen (Ed.), Proceedings of the Third national symposium on aquifer restoration and ground-water monitoring, Proceedings of the National Symposium on Aquifer Restoration and Ground-Water Monitoring, v.3, pp.213–219.
Jacob, C.E. (1947) Drawdown test to determine effective radius of artesian well. Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs.112, Paper 2321, pp.1047–1064.
Krishnan, M.S. (1968) Geology of India and Burma. Higgin Bothams (P), Madras, India, pp.555.
Kruseman, G.P. and De Ridder, N.A. (1990) Analysis and evaluation of pumping test data. Second edition: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Publication 47, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 377.
Mandel, S. and Shiftan, Z.L. (1980) Groundwater resources investigation and development. Academic Press, New York, p.269.
Rao, V.B. (1994) Integrated studies for evaluation of groundwater potential in a typical Khondalitic terrain. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis submitted to JNT University, pp.284.
Rao, V.B. and Ramadurgaiah, D. (1996) Comparative analysis of geoelectic and lithologic data in a typical Khondalitic terrain. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Seminar and exhibition on Geophysics beyond 2000 conducted by AEG, Hyderabad, pp.403–405.
Rorabaugh, M.J. (1953) Graphical and theoretical analysis of stepdrawdown test of artesian well. Proc. Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs., v.79(362), pp. 23.
SGWD (2005) District report. State Ground Water Department, Vizianagaram, p.87.
WHO (1984) Guidelines for drinking water quality. World Health Organization, Washington DC, pp.333–335.
Wynne, D.B. (1992) Specific capacity and slug testing: an overview and empirical comparison of their uses in preliminarily estimating hydraulic conductivity. In: Stanley, Anita (ED.), Proceedings of the Sixth national outdoor conference on Aquifer restoration, ground water monitoring, geophysical methods; a conference and exposition. Ground Water Management, v. 11, pp. 217–230.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mondal, N.C., Das, S.N. Evaluation and augmentation of safe drinking water supply schemes in Salur Mandal, Vizainagaram district, Andhra Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 80, 57–64 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-012-0118-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-012-0118-8