Skip to main content
Log in

Fabric transpositions in granite plutons — An insight from non-scaled analogue modelling

  • Published:
Journal of the Geological Society of India

Abstract

Investigations on a set of experimental models of highly viscous intrusions were carried out in order to study the internal strain pattern during vertical ascent and emplacement of granite intrusions. The strain pattern was determined by means of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) resulting from the orientation of magnetite particles in a liquid plaster medium. The modelled intrusions show distinct fabrics reflecting the flow of a rheologically complex, non-Newtonian material. During the vertical growth of the intrusion, constrictional vertical fabrics are transposed into flattening fabrics, and along with the development of low-intensity fabric domains are passively transported upwards. Vertical growth takes place along subvertical thrust shear zones that satisfactorily explain the discordant magmatic fabrics in granites along intrusion sides. The resulting complex fabric patterns suggest that the vertical movement of material in ascending intrusions is accommodated by various flow mechanisms operating simultaneously.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Archanjo, C., Trindade, R., Bouchez, J.-L. and Ernesto, M. (2002) Granite fabrics and regional-scale strain partitioning in the Seridó belt (Borborema Province, NE Brazil). Tectonics, v.21, pp.1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archanjo, C., Hollanda, M.H., Rodrigues, S., Neves, B. and Armstrong, R. (2008) Fabrics of pre- and syntectonic granite plutons and chronology of shear zones in the Eastern Borborema Province, NE Brazil. Jour. Struct. Geol., v.30(3), pp.310–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagdassarov, N. and Pinkerton, H. (2004) Transient phenomena in vesicular lava flows based on laboratory experiments with analogue materials. Jour.Volcanol. Geoth. Res., v.132, pp.115–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benn, K., Ham, N.M., Pignotta, G.S. and Bleeker, W. (1998) Emplacement and deformation of granites during transpression: magnetic fabrics of the Archean Sparrow pluton, Slave Province, Canada. Jour. Struct. Geol., v.20, pp.1247–1259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benn, K., Paterson, S.R., Lund, S.P., Pignotta, G.S. and Kruse, S. (2001) Magmatic Fabrics in Batholiths as Markers of Regional Strains and Plate Kinematics: Example of the Cretaceous Mt. Stuart Batholith. Phys. Earth Planet. In: Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy (A), v.26, pp.343–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonini, M., Sokoutis, D., Mulugeta, G., Boccaletti, M., Corti, G., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P. and Mazzarini, F. (2001) Dynamics of magma emplacement in centrifuge models of continental extension with implications for flank volcanism. Tectonics, v.20, pp.1053–1065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouchez, J.L. (1997) Granite is never isotropic: an introduction to AMS studies of granitic rocks. In: J.L. Bouchez, D.W.H. Hutton and W.E. Stephens (Eds.), Granite: From Segregation of Melt to Emplacement Fabrics, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp.95–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouchez, J.L., Gleizes, G., Djouadi, T. and Rochette, P. (1990) Microstructure and magnetic susceptibility applied to emplacement kinematics of granites: the example of the Foix pluton (French Pyrenees). Tectonophysics, v.184, pp.157–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouillin, J.P., Bouchez, J.L. and Lespinasse, P. (1993) Granite emplacement in an extensional setting — an AMS study of the magmatic structures of Monte-Capanne (Elba, Italy). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.118, pp.263–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buisson, C. and Merle, O. (2002) Experiments on internal strain in lava dome cross sections. Bull. Volcanol., v.64, pp.363–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castro, A. (1987) On granitoid emplacement and related structures — a review. Geol. Rundsch., v.76, pp.101–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, W.J. and Sawyer, E.W. (1996) Pervasive granitoid magma transfer through the lower-middle crust during non-coaxial compressional deformation. Jour. Metam. Geol., v.14, pp.565–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietl, C. and Koyi, H. A. (2002) Emplacement of nested diapirs: Results of centrifuge modelling. Jour. Virtual Explorer, v.6, pp.81–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietl, C. and Koyi, H.A. (2008) Formation of tabular plutons — results and implications of centrifuge modelling. Jour. Geosciences, v.53, pp.253–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop, D. J. (2002) Theory and application of the Day plot (Mrs/M-s versus H-cr/H-c) 2. Application to data for rocks, sediments, and soils. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.107, B3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esmaeily, D., Bouchez, J.L. and Siqueira, R. (2007) Magnetic fabrics and microstructures of the Jurassic Shah-Kuh granite pluton (Lut Block, Eastern Iran) and geodynamic inference. Tectonophysics, v.439, pp.149–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez, A. and Laporte, D. (1991) Significance of low symmetry fabrics in magmatic rocks. Jour. Struct. Geol., v.13, pp.337–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grout, F. F. (1945) Scale models of structures related to batholiths. Am. Jour. Sci., v.243A, pp.260–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hrouda, F. (1994) A Technique for the Measurement of Thermal-Changes of Magnetic-Susceptibility of Weakly Magnetic Rocks by the Cs-2 Apparatus and Kly-2 Kappabridge. Geophys. Jour. Int., v.118, pp.604–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hrouda, F., Jelínek, V. and Hrušková, L. (1990) A package of programs for statistical evaluation of magnetic data using IBM PC computers. AGU 1990 fall meeting. Eos, Trans., Amer. Geophys. Union, v.71, pp.1289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jelínek, V. (1978) Statistical processing of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measured on groups of specimens. Stud. Geophys. Geod., v.22, pp.50–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jelínek, V. (1981) Characterization of magnetic fabric of rocks. Tectonophysics, v.79, pp.63–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jelínek, V. and Pokorny, J. (1997) Some new concepts in technology of transformer bridges for measuring susceptibility anisotropy of rocks. Phys. Chem. Earth, v.22, pp.179–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kratinová, Z., Závada, P., Hrouda, F. and Schulmann, K. (2006) Non-scaled analogue modelling of AMS development during viscous flow: A simulation on diapir-like structures. Tectonophysics, v.418, pp.51–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kratinová, Z., Schulmann, K., Edel, J. B., Ježek, J. and Schaltegger, U. (2007) Model of successive granite sheet emplacement in transtensional setting: Integrated microstructural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility study. Tectonics, v.26, TC6003, doi:10.1029/2006TC002035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leitch, A.M. and Weinberg, R.F. (2002) Modelling granite migration by mesoscale pervasive flow. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.200, pp.131–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lexa, O., Štípská, P., Schulmann, K., Baratoux, L. and Kröner, A. (2005) Contrasting textural record of two distinct metamorphic events of similar P-T conditions and different durations. Jour. Metam. Geol., v.23, pp.649–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majumder, S. and Mamtani, M. A. (2009) Magnetic fabric in the Malanjkhand Granite (Central India)-Implications for regional tectonics and Proterozoic Suturing of the Indian shield. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., v.172, pp.310–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata, T. (1961) Rock Magnetism, Maruzen, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parry, M., Štípská, P., Schulmann, K., Hrouda, F., Ježek, J. and Kröner, A. (1997) Tonalite sill emplacement at an oblique plate boundary: northeastern margin of the Bohemian Massif. Tectonophysics, v.280, pp.61–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, S.R., Fowler, T.K., Schmidt, K.L., Yoshinobu, A.S., Yuan, E.S. and Miller, R.B. (1998) Interpreting magmatic fabric patterns in plutons. Lithos, v.44, pp.53–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, S.R. and Vernon, R.H. (1995) Bursting the bubble of ballooning plutons: A return to nested diapirs emplaced by multiple processes. GSA Bulletin, v.107, pp.1356–1380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petford, N. (1996) Dykes and diapirs? T. Roy. Soc. Edin-Earth, v.87, pp.105–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitcher, W.S. (1979) Nature, ascent and emplacement of granitic magmas. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v.136, pp.627–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramberg, H. (1981) Gravity, deformation and the Earth’s crust. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay, J.G. (1989) Emplacement kinematics of a granite diapir; the Chindamora Batholith, Zimbabwe. Jour. Struct. Geol., v.11, pp.191–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raposo, M. I. B., Carmo, M. and Gastal, P. (2009) Emplacement mechanism of the main granite pluton of the Lavras do Sul intrusive complex, South Brazil, determined by magnetic anisotropies. Tectonophysics, v.466, pp.18–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Román-Berdiel, T. (1999) Geometry of granite emplacement in the upper crust: contributions of analogue modelling. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., v.168, pp.77–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rochette, P., Aubourg, C. and Perrin, M. (1999) Is this magnetic fabric normal? A review and case studies in volcanic formations. Tectonophysics, v.307, pp.219–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simakin, A. and Talbot, C. (2001) Tectonic pumping of pervasive granitic melts. Tectonophysics, v.332, pp.387–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulmann, K., Ježek, J. and Venera, Z. (1997) Perpendicular linear fabrics in granite: markers of combined simple shear and pure shear flows? In: J.L. Bouchez, D.W.H. Hutton and W.E. Stephens (Eds.), Granite: From Segregation of Melt to Emplacement Fabrics, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp.159–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwerdtner, W.M. and Troeng, B. (1978) Strain distributon within arcuate diapiric ridges of silicon putty. Tectonophysics, v.50, pp.13–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarling, D.H. and Hrouda, F. (1993) The Magnetic Anisotropy of Rocks. Chapman and Hall, London, 232p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, R.H., Johnson, S.E. and Melis, E.A. (2004) Emplacement-related microstructures in the margin of a deformed pluton: the San Jose tonalite, Baja California, Mexico. Jour. Struct. Geol, v.26, pp.1867–1884.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, R.H. and Paterson, S.R. (2008) How late are K-feldspar megacrysts in granites? Lithos, v.104, pp.327–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, R.F. (1999) Mesoscale pervasive melt migration alternative to dyking. Lithos, v.46, pp.393–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, R.F. and Podladchikov, Y. (1994) Diapiric ascent of magmas through power law crust and mantle. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.99(B5), pp.9543–9559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Závada, P., Kratinová, Z., Kusbach, V. and Schulmann, K. (2008) Internal fabric development in complex lava domes. Tectonophysics, v.466, pp.101–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Žák, J., Schulmann, K. and Hrouda, F. (2005) Multiple magmatic fabrics in the Sazava pluton (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic): a result of superposition of wrench-dominated regional transpression on final emplacement. Jour. Struct. Geol., v.27, pp.805–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Žák, J., Verner, K. and Tycová, P. (2008) Multiple magmatic fabrics in plutons: an overlooked tool for exploring interactions between magmatic processes and regional deformation? Geol. Mag., v.145, pp.537–551.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zuzana Kratinová.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kratinová, Z., Machek, M. & Kusbach, V. Fabric transpositions in granite plutons — An insight from non-scaled analogue modelling. J Geol Soc India 75, 267–277 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-010-0014-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-010-0014-z

Keywords

Navigation