Skip to main content
Log in

Stability Analysis of Mutualistic Interactions Among Three Species with Limited Resources for First Species and Unlimited Resources for Second and Third Species

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present paper deals with analytical investigations of a three species model in an ecosystem involving mutualistic interactions. The model is characterized by a system of first order non-linear ordinary differential equations. We investigate three cases: (1) The death rate of any one (say third) species is greater than its birth rate. (2) The death rate of any two (say second and third) species are greater than their birth rate. (3) The death rate of all the species are greater than their birth rate. Further, we establish all the equilibrium points and stability criteria for the model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Addicott John F.: Stability properties of two species models of mutualism: simulation studies. Oecologia 49(1), 42–49 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Brauer F., Castillo-Chavez C.: Mathematical Models in Population Biology and Epidemiology. Springer, New York (2001)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Braun M.: Differential Equations and Their Applications—Applied Mathematical Sciences (15). Springer, New York (1983)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Dean A.M.: A simple model of mutualism. Am. Nat. 121(3), 409–417 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Edelstein-Keshet L.: Mathematical Models in Biology. SIAM, New York (2005)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Goh B.S.: Stability in models of mutualism. Am. Nat. 113(2), 261–275 (1979)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Gyllenberg M., Yan P., Wang Y.: Limit cycles for competitor-competitor-mutualist Lotka-Volterra systems. Physica D 221, 135–145 (2006)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Hirsch M.W., Smale S., Devaney R.L.: Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems and an Introduction to Chaos. Elsevier, New York (2004)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Kapur J.N.: Mathematical Models in Biology and Medicine. Affiliated East-West Private Ltd., New Delhi (1985)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Lotka A.J.: Elements of Physical Biology. Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD (1925)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. May R.M.: Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Naji R.K., Balasim A.T.: On the dynamical behavior of three species food web model. Chaos Solitons Fractals 34, 1636–1648 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Odum E.P.: Fundamentals of Ecology, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Smith J.M.: Models in Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1974)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Stiling P.: Ecology-Theories and Applications. PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wang Y., Wu H.: A mutualism-competition model characterizing competitors with mutualism at low density. Math. Comput. Model. 53, 1654–1663 (2011)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Wolin C.L.: The Population Dynamics of Mutualistic System. In: Boucher, D.H. (ed.) The Biology of Mutualism, pp. 248–269. Oxford University Press, New York (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zhibin Z.: Mutualism or cooperation among competitors promotes coexistence and competitive ability. Ecol. Model. 164, 271–282 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. B. Munde.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dhakne, M.B., Munde, A.B. Stability Analysis of Mutualistic Interactions Among Three Species with Limited Resources for First Species and Unlimited Resources for Second and Third Species. Differ Equ Dyn Syst 20, 405–414 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12591-012-0120-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12591-012-0120-z

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation