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Improving the Estimation of Salt Distribution during Evaporation in Saline Soil by HP1 Model

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Abstract

Restricted by the development of the transient flow and solute reactive transport models for unsaturated soil, empirical functions have been used previously to calculate the mass of dissolved or precipitated salt when they have to be taken into account. Besides, the solute reactive transport process has often been inferred based on measurements that cost lots of time and manpower. HP1 model coupled with PHREEQC provides a suitable tool to improve the estimation of salt distribution during evaporation in saline soil, where the salt dissolution and precipitation cannot be ignored. In this study, we compare the performance of a standard solute transport (SST) model and the HP1 model to examine the improvement of salt distribution estimation. Model results are compared with experimental data sets from four field lysimeters. These columns were exposed to NaCl solution with different concentrations (3, 30, 100, and 250 g/L) and were undergoing the same strong evaporation boundary condition. The pre-existing CaSO4, NaCl and Na2SO4 loads were 1.15, 0.47 and 0.23 g/(100 g of soil), respectively. Simulation results show that HP1 ameliorates the overestimation of salt content by SST in deeper soil due to the absence of dissolution of pre-existing soluble salts, and prevents the concentration of the solute from exceeding the solubilities which would occur in SST-result. Additionally, HP1-predicted results can help trace the transport process of each solute. Based on the results, we strongly suggest that the management of fields sensitive to salt content should make use of a coupled flow and chemical reaction model.

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Acknowledgments

The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41572224, U1403282, 51709232) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. CUG170103). We thank the Irrigation Experimental Station of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People’ s Republic of China in Korla for providing facilities. We thank Dr. Ruiliang Jia, Dr. Xianwen Li, and Mr. Jisheng Zhang for their field and data assistance. We thank the reviewers for their comments and suggestions. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1447-6.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China

    Qian Liu, Yanfeng Liu & Menggui Jin

  2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China

    Qian Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China

    Menggui Jin

  4. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China

    Jinlong Zhou

  5. Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USA

    P. A. Ferré

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  1. Qian Liu
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Correspondence to Yanfeng Liu.

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Liu, Q., Liu, Y., Jin, M. et al. Improving the Estimation of Salt Distribution during Evaporation in Saline Soil by HP1 Model. J. Earth Sci. 34, 1567–1576 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1447-6

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