Abstract
The Kashan plutons are situated in the central part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc recording subduction-related magmatism within the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny in Iran. These rocks consist of different calc-alkaline plutonic rocks including gabbro, gabbroic diorite, microdiorite, monzodiorite, tonalite, granodiorite, and granite. The plutons were emplaced into the Jurassic sedimentary units (Shemshak Formation) and the Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic and pyroclastic rocks. New U-Pb zircon ages show that the Kashan plutons formed during two main periods at 35.20±0.71 Ma in the Late Eocene (Priabonian) and at 18.90±0.84, 19.26±0.83, 19.30±1.2, and 17.3±1.8 Ma in the Early Miocene (Burdigalian). The reported events in the Kashan plutons imply the final phases of subductionrelated magmatism before the collision which happened between the Arabian and Iranian plates in the Middle Miocene. The plutonic activity in the Kashan region occurred during the transition from Eocene subduction-related setting to Middle Miocene collisional setting.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References cited
Aftabi, A., Atapour, H., 2000. Regional Aspects of Shoshonitic Volcanism in Iran. Episodes, 23: 119–125
Agard, R., Omrani, J., Jolivet, L., et al., 2005. Convergence History across Zagros (Iran): Constraints from Collisional and Earlier Deformation. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 94(3): 401–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0481-4
Agard, P., Omrani, J., Jolivet, L., et al., 2011. Zagros Orogeny: A Subduction-Dominated Process. Geological Magazine, 148(5/6): 692–725. https://doi.org/10.1017/s001675681100046x
Aghazadeh, M., Castro, A., Badrzadeh, Z., et al., 2011. Post-Collisional Polycyclic Plutonism from the Zagros Hinterland: The Shaivar Dagh Plutonic Complex, Alborz Belt, Iran. Geological Magazine, 148(5/6): 980–1008. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756811000380
Aghazadeh, M., Castro, A., Omran, N. R., et al., 2010. The Gabbro (Shoshonitic)-Monzonite-Granodiorite Association of Khankandi Pluton, Alborz Mountains, NW Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 38(5): 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.01.002
Ahankoub, M., 2003. Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of the Metamorphic Aureole in Ghohroud Granitoid Intrusion Body: [Dissertation]. University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran (in Persian)
Ahmad, T., Posht Kuhi, M., 1993. Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Urumiah-Dokhtar Volcanics around Nain and Rafsanjan Areas: A Preliminary Study. Treatise on the Geology of Iran. Iranian Ministry of Mines and Metals, Isfahan. 90
Akal, C., Helvaci, C., 1999. Mafic Microgranular Enclaves in the Kozak Granodiorite, Western Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 8: 1–17
Alavi, M., 1994. Tectonics of the Zagros Orogenic Belt of Iran: New Data and Interpretations. Tectonophysics, 229(3/4): 211–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)90030-2
Alavi, M., 2004. Regional Stratigraphy of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt of Iran and Its Proforeland Evolution. American Journal of Science, 304(1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.304.11
Allen, M., Jackson, J., Walker, R., 2004. Late Cenozoic Reorganization of the Arabia-Eurasia Collision and the Comparison of Short-Term and Long-Term Deformation Rates. Tectonics, 23(2): TC001530. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003tc001530
Amidi, S. M., Emami, M. H., Michel, R., 1984. Alkaline Character of Eocene Volcanism in the Middle Part of Central Iran and Its Geodynamic Situation. Geologische Rundschau, 73(3): 917–932. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01820882
Arvin, M., Pan, Y. M., Dargahi, S., et al., 2007. Petrochemistry of the Siah-Kuh Granitoid Stock Southwest of Kerman, Iran: Implications for Initiation of Neotethys Subduction. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 30(3/4): 474–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjseaes.2007.01.001
Asian, Z., 2005. Petrography and Petrology of the Calc-Alkaline Sarihan Granitoid (NE Turkey): An Example of Magma Mingling and Mixing. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 14: 185–207
Azizi, H., Moinevaziri, H., 2009. Review of the Tectonic Setting of Cretaceous to Quaternary Volcanism in Northwestern Iran. Journal of Geo-dynamics, 47(4): 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjog.2008.12.002
Azizi, H., Chung, S. L., Tanaka, T., et al., 2011. Isotopic Dating of the Khoy Metamorphic Complex (KMC), Northwestern Iran: A Significant Revision of the Formation Age and Magma Source. Precambrian Research, 185(3/4): 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2010.12.004
Babazadeh, S., Ghorbani, M. R., Brocker, M., et al., 2017. Late Oligocene-Miocene Mantle Upwelling and Interaction Inferred from Mantle Signatures in Gabbroic to Granitic Rocks from the Urumieh-Dokhtar Arc, South Ardestan, Iran. International Geology Review, 59(12): 1590–1608. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2017.1286613
Baharifar, A., Moinevaziri, H., Bellon, H., et al., 2004. The Crystalline Complexes of Hamadan (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Western Iran): Metasedi-mentary Mesozoic Sequences Affected by Late Cretaceous Tectono-Metamorphic and Plutonic Events. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 336(16): 1443–1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/jxrte.2004.09.014
Berberian, E., Berberian, M., 1981. Tectono-Plutonic Episodes in Iran. In: Gupta, H. K., Delany, F. M., eds., Zagros-Hindu Kush-Himalaya Geodynamic Evolution. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC. 5–32
Berberian, M., King, G. C. P., 1981. Towards a Paleogeography and Tectonic Evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 210–265. https://doi.org/10.1139/e81-019
Berberian, E., Muir, I. D., Pankhurst, R. J., et al., 1982. Late Cretaceous and Early Miocene Andean-Type Plutonic Activity in Northern Makran and Central Iran. Journal of the Geological Society, 139(5): 605–614. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.139.5.0605
Castro, A., Aghazadeh, M., Badrzadeh, Z., et al., 2013. Late Eocene-Oligocene Post-Collisional Monzonitic Intrusions from the Alborz Magmatic Belt, NW Iran: An Example of Monzonite Magma Generation from a Metasomatized Mantle Source. Lithos, 180/181: 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.08.003
Chappell, B. W., White, A. J. R., 1974. Two Contrasting Granite Types. Pacific Geology, 9: 173–174
Chiu, H. Y., Chung, S. L., Zarrinkoub, M. H., et al., 2013. Zircon U-Pb Age Constraints from Iran on the Magmatic Evolution Related to Neo-tethyan Subduction and Zagros Orogeny. Lithos, 162/163: 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.01.006
Dargahi, S., Arvin, M., Pan, Y M., et al., 2010. Petrogenesis of Post-Collisional A-Type Granitoids from the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage, Southwestern Kerman, Iran: Constraints on the Arabian-Eurasian Continental Collision. Lithos, 115(1/2/3/4): 190–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.12.002
Davoudzadeh, M., Schmidt, K., 1984. A Review of the Mesozoic Paleogeography and Paleotectonic Evolution of Iran. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologic und Paldontologie-Abhandlungen, 168(2/3): 182–207. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/168/1984/182
De la Roche, H., Leterrier, J., Grand Claude, P., et al., 1980. A Classification of Volcanic and Plutonic Rocks Using R1-R2 Diagram and Major-Element Analyses—Its Relationships with Current Nomenclature. Chemical Geology, 29(1/2/3/4): 183–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90020-0
Dilek, Y., Imamverdiyev, N., Altunkaynak, Ş., 2010. Geochemistry and Tectonics of Cenozoic Volcanism in the Lesser Caucasus (Azerbaijan) and the Peri-Arabian Region: Collision-Induced Mantle Dynamics and Its Magmatic Fingerprint. International Geology Review, 52(4/5/6): 536–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810903360422
Dewey, J. E., Pitman, W. C., Ryan, W. B., et al., 1973. Plate Tectonics and the Evolution of the Alpine System. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 84:3137–3180
Emami, M. H., 1981. Geological Quadrangle Map of Iran, Scale 1: 250 000, Sheet E6 (Qom). Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran
Emami, M. H., 2000. Magmatism in Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran
Farhoudi, G., 1978. A Comparison of Zagros Geology to Island Arcs. The Journal of Geology, 86(3): 323–334. https://doi.org/10.1086/649694
Ghasemi, A., Tabatabaei Manesh, S. M., 2015. Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Ghohroud Igneous Complex (Urumieh-Dokhtar Zone): Evidence for Neotemyan Subduction during the Neogene. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8(11): 9599–9623. https://doi.org/10.1007/sl2517-015-1883-7
Ghasemi, A., Talbot, C. J., 2006. A New Tectonic Scenario for the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (Iran). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 26(6): 683–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjseaes.2005.01.003
Ghorbani, M. R., Graham, I. T., Ghaderi, M., 2014. Oligocene-Miocene Geodynamic Evolution of the Central Part of Urumieh-Dokhtar Arc of Iran. International Geology Review, 56(8): 1039–1050. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2014.919615
Haghipour, A., Aghanabati, A., 1985. Geologic Map of Iran. Ministry of Mines and Metals, Scale 1: 2 500000. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran
Hassanzadeh, J., Stockli, D. E., Horton, B. K., et al., 2008. U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian Granitoids in Iran: Implications for Paleogeography, Magmatism, and Exhumation History of Iranian Basement. Tectonophysics, 451(1/2/3/4): 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.062
Haschke, M., Ahmadian, J., Murata, M., et al., 2010. Copper Mineralization Prevented by Arc-Root Delamination during Alpine-Himalayan Collision in Central Iran. Economic Geology, 105(4): 855–865. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.4.855
Hempton, M. R., 1987. Constraints on Arabian Plate Motion and Exten-sional History of the Red Sea. Tectonics, 6(6): 687–705. https://doi.org/10.1029/tc006i006p00687
Hine, R., Williams, I. S., Chappell, B. W., et al., 1978. Contrasts between I-and S-Type Granitoids of the Kosciusko Batholith. Journal of the Geo logical Society of Australia, 25(3/4): 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167617808729029
Honarmand, M., Rashidnejad-Omran, N., Corfu, F., et al., 2013. Geo chronology and Magmatic History of a Calc-Alkaline Plutonic Com plex in the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt, Central Iran: Zircon Ages as Evidence for Two Major Plutonic Episodes. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie-Abhandlungen, 190(1): 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2013/0230
Honarmand, M., Rashidnejad- Omran, N., Neubauer, F., et al., 2014. Laser-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Ages and Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Compositions of the Niyasar Plutonic Complex, Iran: Constraints on Petrogenesis and Tectonic Rvolution. International Geology Review, 56(1): 104–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2013.820375
Hooper, R. J., Baron, I., Hatcher, Jr., et al., 1994. The Development of the Southern Tethyan Margin in Iran after the Breakup of Gondwana: Implication of the Zagros Hydrocarbon Province. Geosciences, 4: 72–85
Horton, B. K., Hassanzadeh, J., Stockli, D. R., et al., 2008. Detrital Zircon Provenance of Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic Deposits in Iran: Implications for Chronostratigraphy and Collisional Tectonics. Tectonophysics, 451(1/2/3/4): 97–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.063
Irvine, T. N., Baragar, W. R. A., 1971. A Guide to the Chemical Classification of the Common Volcanic Rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 8(5): 523–548. https://doi.org/10.1139/e71-055
Jung, D., Kursten, M., Tarkian, M., 1976. Post-Mesozoic Volcanism in Iran and Its Relation to the Subduction of the Afro-Arabian under the Eurasian Plate. In: Pilger, A., Rosier, A., eds., Afar between Continental and Oceanic Rifting. Schweizerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. 175–181
Kananian, A., Sarjoughian, R., Nadimi, A., et al., 2014. Geochemical Characteristics of the Kuh-e Dom Intrusion, Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (Iran): Implications for Source Regions and Magmatic Evolution. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 90: 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.04.026
Kretz, R., 1983. Symbols for Rock-Forming Minerals. American Mineralogist, 68: 277–279
Liu, X. M., Gao, S., Diwu, C. R., et al., 2007. Simultaneous in-situ Determination of U-Pb Age and Trace Elements in Zircon by LA-ICP-MS in 20 urn Spot Size. Chinese Science Bulletin, 52(9): 1257–1264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-007-0160-x
Ludwig, K. R., 2003. ISOPLOT 3: A Geo chronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Geochronology Centre Special Publication, Berkeley. 4: 74
McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Mahmoud, S., et al., 2003. GPS Constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia Plate Motions. Geophysical Journal International, 155(1): 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.02023.x
McQuarrie, N., Stock, J. M., Verdel, C., et al., 2003. Cenozoic Evolution of Neotethys and Implications for the Causes of Plate Motions. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(20): 2036. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017992
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C. L., 2000. Dextral Transpression in Late Creta ceous Continental Collision, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Western Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, 22(8): 1125–1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(00)00023-7
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C. L., Sahandi, M. R., 2003. Cretaceous-Tertiary Convergence and Continental Collision, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21(4): 397–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/sl367-9120(02)00035-4
Omrani, J., Agard, P., Whitechurch, H., et al., 2008. Arc-Magmatism and Subduction History beneath the Zagros Mountains, Iran: A New Report of Adakites and Geodynamic Consequences. Lithos, 106(3/4): 380–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.09.008
Peccerillo, A., Taylor, S. R., 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene Calc-Alkaline Volcanic Rocks from the Kastamonu Area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 58(1): 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00384745
Radfar, J., 1993. Explanatory Text of Kashan Geological Quadrangle Map 1: 100 000, No. 6257. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran (in Persian)
Şahin, S. Y., Güngör, Y., Boztuğ, D., 2004. Comparative Petrogenetic Investigation of Composite Kaçkar Batholim Granitoids in Eastern Pontide Magmatic Arc—Northern Turkey. Earth, Planets and Space, 56(4): 429–446. https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03352496
Sarjoughian, F., Kananian, A., 2017. Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Emplacement History of Intrusive Rocks in the Ardestan Section, Central Iran. Ge-ologicaActa, 15: 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2017.15.1.3
Şen, P. A., Temel, A., Gourgaud, A., 2004. Petrogenetic Modelling of Quaternary Post-Collisional Volcanism: A Case Study of Central and Eastern Anatolia. Geological Magazine, 141(1): 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803008550
Sepahi, A. A., Athari, S. E., 2006. Petrology of Major Granitic Plutons of the Northwestern Part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Metamorphic Belt, Zagros Orogen, Iran: With Emphasis on A-Type Granitoids from the SE Saqqez Area. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen, 183(1): 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2006/0063
Shafiei, B., Haschke, M., Shahabpour, J., 2009. Recycling of Orogenic Arc Crust Triggers Porphyry Cu Mineralization in Kerman Cenozoic Arc Rocks, Southeastern Iran. Mineralium Deposita, 44(3): 265–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0216-0
Shahabpour, J., 2007. Island-Arc Affinity of the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 30(5/6): 652–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjseaes.2007.02.004
Shahbazi, H., Siebel, W., Pourmoafee, M., et al., 2010. Geochemistry and U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Alvand Plutonic Complex in Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (Iran): New Evidence for Jurassic Magmatism. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 39(6): 668–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjseaes.2010.04.014
Shahsavari Alavijeh, B., Rashidnejad-Omran, N., Corfu, E., 2017. Zircon U-Pb Ages and Emplacement History of the Nodoushan Plutonic Complex in the Central Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt, Central Iran: Product of Neotemyan Subduction during the Paleogene. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 143: 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjseaes.2017.03.034
Shand, S. J., 1943. Eruptive Rocks. 2nd edition, John Wiley, New York.
Simmonds, V., Moazzen, M., Mathur, R., 2017. Constraining the Timing of Porphyry Mineralization in Northwest Iran in Relation to Lesser Caucasus and Central Iran: Re-Os Age Data for Sungun Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit. International Geology Review, 59(12): 1561–1574. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2017.1285258
Stocklin, J., 1968. Structural History and Tectonics of Iran: A Review. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 52: 1229–1258. https://doi.org/10.1306/5d25c4a5-16cl-lld7-8645000102cl865d
Streckeisen, A. L., 1978. IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Classification and Nomenclature of Volcanic Rocks, Lamprophyres, Carbonatites and Melilite Rocks: Recommendations and Suggestions. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen, 141: 1–14
Verdel, C., Wernicke, B. P., Ramezani, J., et al., 2007. Geology and Thermochronology of Tertiary Cordilleran-Style Metamorphic Core Complexes in the Saghand Region of Central Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 119(7/8): 961–977. https://doi.org/10.1130/b26102.1
Verdel, C., Wernicke, B. P., Hassanzadeh, J., et al., 2011. A Paleogene Extensional Arc Flare-up in Iran. Tectonics, 30(3): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010tc002809
Yilmaz, Y., 1993. New Evidence and Model on the Evolution of the Southeast Anatolian Orogen. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105(2): 251–271. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0251:neamot>2.3.co;2
Acknowledgments
This manuscript comes from the first author's Ph.D. thesis at Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran. The TMU Research Grant Council funded field studies. This study is partly supported by grants from the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, and Peking University, Beijing. Badieh Shahsavari Alavijeh is thanked for her help in the manuscript preparation. We would like to acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews on the manuscript. Ge Yao is appreciated for careful editorial handling of the manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1258-1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khaksar, T., Rashidnejad-Omran, N., Chen, F. et al. Zircon U-Pb Ages and Magmatic History of the Kashan Plutons in the Central Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, Iran: Evidence for Neotethyan Subduction during Paleogene-Neogene. J. Earth Sci. 31, 53–68 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1258-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1258-1