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Functionally graded materials reduce the stress shielding in the tibia bone for total ankle replacement

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Abstract

Metals, ceramics, and polymers are commonly used as orthopedic implant materials. Conventionally, Cobalt Chromium (CoCr) alloys, Titanium (Ti) alloys, Alumina (Al2O3) ceramic, Hydroxyapatite (HA), and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) are used. Bone resorption owing to stress shielding is one of the reasons for the failure of total ankle replacement (TAR). The stiffness mismatch between the tibia bone and the implant is responsible for stress shielding. It is hypothesized that stress shielding can be reduced by tailoring the implant material similar to the tibia bone by using functionally graded materials (FGMs). The aim of the study is to understand the effect of FGMs on the stress shielding of the tibia bone for TAR. Finite element (FE) models were prepared for, the natural bone, and the implanted bone with the tibial component made from CoCr alloy, Ti alloy, Al2O3 ceramic, FGM of Al2O3 ceramic at the bottom and PEEK at the top, and FGM of Ti at the bottom and HA at the top. Material properties for FGMs were assigned using Ansys APDL code. The results indicated that the highest stress shielding was present in the Al2O3 ceramic model. Whereas, the least stress shielding was in the Ti + HA FGM model. This implies that the stress shielding and subsequently the bone resorption can be reduced by using the FGMs. Thus, FGMs are advantageous when compared to conventional implant materials in order to reduce stress shielding.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Indian Institute of Technology Mandi for proving the computation resources for this research and for supporting this work.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomechanics Research Lab, SMME, IIT Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India, 175075

    Jyoti & Rajesh Ghosh

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  1. Jyoti
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Contributions

Jyoti: Conceptualization, Visualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, and Writing-Original Draft. Rajesh Ghosh: Conceptualization, Visualization, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing-Review and Editing. Both authors discussed the results and suggestions mentioned in the manuscript at all steps and have approved the final article.

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Correspondence to Rajesh Ghosh.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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The authors hereby state that with regard to the submission of this research paper, appropriate approval has been taken from the patient according to the institutional policies and procedures. The patient undergoing treatment gave their informed consent to the collection and use of CT data for research purposes.

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Jyoti, Ghosh, R. Functionally graded materials reduce the stress shielding in the tibia bone for total ankle replacement. Int J Adv Eng Sci Appl Math (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12572-023-00366-z

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