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Livelihood, culture and patterns of food consumption in rural Burkina Faso

Food Security volume 13, pages 1193–1213 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Many factors interact to shape household food security and consumption and these must be analyzed together to build understandings of how they interact in particular contexts. In the Sahelian context, we report on a study investigating how productive resources (access to capital, land, labor), livelihood choices, food cultural norms and location together affect household food consumption by 120 rural households in the provinces of Yatenga and Seno in Burkina Faso. These two provinces have quite different cultural and socioeconomic conditions. Data was generated from an initial interview focused on household resource access followed by monitoring of household food consumption using 24-h and 7-day recall interviews over 11 months. Grain consumption was estimated along with the frequency of milk, meat, vegetable, oil/fats, and fruit consumption. Food security is shaped by the pathways through which households gain access to food. Surveyed household report low levels of self provisioning of grain (averaging around 50% of need) with different seasonal patterns of grain purchases based on cash sources. Principal components analysis finds significant degree of co-variation of food consumption parameters. Regression analysis finds that disposable wealth and cultural norms against milk consumption are positively and negatively associated with food consumption, controlling for land and labor access. Location (province) and ethnic identity (related or not to Mossi culture) are found to be important factors affecting household proclivity and ability to manage livestock which in turn leads to greater consumption of animal products (milk and meat) and greater savings to mobilize during times of grain deficit.

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Data availability

Data is available upon request.

Notes

  1. At the onset of the study, the Ministry of Health of Burkina Faso was consulted but it determined that no ethics review was required since the research was based solely on surveys.

  2. One limitation of the study was that the number of chickens and other poultry (guinea fowl) owned by the household was not collected during these interviews. Significant poultry raising is not a major endeavor within the study villages and the wealth stored in poultry is very small compared to that stored in other domestic animals.

  3. This may be due to the fact that the 24-day recall data were for food eaten during meals over the previous 24 h. Fruits are often eaten outside of formal meals. Higher rates of fruit consumption were reported in the 7-day recall data for which informants were asked to simply report the number of days that the food type was consumed.

  4. The method of Smith et al. (2001) is to normalize ordinal ranks using the formula \( 1-\frac{\left(\mathit{\operatorname{rank}}-1\right)}{Number\ of\ items\ ranked} \). To avoid having the ranks of those respondents, who mention and rank more responses than others, to weigh more heavily in statistical analyses, the normalized ranks calculated in this way were further modified by dividing each normalized rank by the sum of the respondent’s normalized ranks. In this way, the ranks produced for each informant all sum to 1.

  5. It was determined that multi-level models were not feasible given the small number of groups (8) and samples per group (15).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank villagers for the patience and openness to explain their food security struggles with us over the course of the research. We are also indebted to the our research assistants led by Mr. Rasmane Bagagnan. This study was supported by the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Sustainable Intensification led by Kansas State University (subaward agreement S16055 to International Livestock Research Institute) with funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). We alone are responsible for the paper’s deficiencies.

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This study was funded through the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Sustainable Intensification led by Kansas State University through United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Program activities are funded by the USAID to Kansas State University which sub-contracted the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) through subaward agreement S16055.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, 160 Science Hall, 550 N. Park Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Matthew D. Turner & Molly Teague

  2. International Livestock Research Institute, B.P, Ouagadougou, 1496, Burkina Faso

    Augustine Ayantunde

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  1. Matthew D. Turner
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  2. Molly Teague
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  3. Augustine Ayantunde
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Turner (writing, data analysis), Teague (data analysis), Ayantunde (data collection oversight).

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Correspondence to Matthew D. Turner.

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Turner, M.D., Teague, M. & Ayantunde, A. Livelihood, culture and patterns of food consumption in rural Burkina Faso. Food Sec. 13, 1193–1213 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01150-2

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Keywords

  • Food security
  • Resource access
  • Sahel, Burkina Faso
  • Livestock rearing
  • Mossi
  • Fulani
  • Vulnerability
  • Food proscriptions

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