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Molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent structural and functional plasticity in the brain

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Abstract

Experiences and environments have a variety of effects on brain plasticity at levels ranging from the molecular and cellular to the behavioral. Brain plasticity is one of the most important characteristics of animal survival. In particular, environmental enrichment and exercise induce many structural and functional changes in the brain, and it is noteworthy that these changes result in further beneficial effects at behavioral levels, such as improved learning behavior and antidepressant effects. The effects of enrichment and exercise, and the mechanisms involved in both, provide crucial evidence for the prevention and treatment of brain disorders. However, the enriched environment- and exercise-induced mechanisms underlying the structural and behavioral effects in the brain remain poorly understood. In this review I discuss the molecular mechanisms of environment- and experience-dependent brain plasticity based on the results of studies carried out by our research group at the Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University. This review consists of three parts: first, a description of a role for the motor protein KIF1A in enhanced synaptogenesis and memory function induced by environmental enrichment; second, a discussion of the function of the 5-HT3 receptor in hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral changes induced by exercise; third, a discussion of the role of the 5-HT3 receptor in fear extinction.

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Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to Prof. Nobutaka Hirokawa (The University of Tokyo) and Prof. Shoichi Shimada (Osaka University) for their support and mentorship. This work was partly supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (Nos. 26860924 and 16K19764), the Uehara Memorial Foundation, the Japan Prize Foundation, Brain Science Foundation, the Sakamoto Research Foundation of Psychiatric Diseases, Takeda Science Foundation, the Ichiro Kanehara Foundation, Kanae Foundation, Suzuken Memorial Foundation, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation, the Nakatomi Foundation, the Osaka Medical Research Foundation for Intractable Diseases, the Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Senri Life Science Foundation, and the Nakajima Foundation. The author received the Encouragement Award from the Japanese Association of Anatomist for fiscal year 2015, and gave a presentation at the 121th Annual Meeting in Fukushima, Japan.

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  1. Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Makoto Kondo

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Kondo, M. Molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent structural and functional plasticity in the brain. Anat Sci Int 92, 1–17 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-016-0358-6

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