Abstract
The unilateral complete absence of the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles in the absence of other anomalies is very rare. The complete absence of the pectoralis major and serratus anterior on the right side was observed during routine dissection of an elderly male cadaver of South Indian origin. Nodularity of the right fifth rib near the fifth costochondral junction was seen. The lateral pectoral and long thoracic nerves were present on the right side. Moderate right-sided disuse atrophy was noted in the pectoralis minor and the rotator cuff muscles due to a shoulder arthrodesis performed on that side. No abnormalities were noted on the left side. There was no family history of any upper limb anomalies suggestive of Poland’s syndrome. The findings in the present case could be either due to a sporadic variant of Poland’s syndrome or an isolated congenital unilateral absence of the pectoralis major and serratus anterior.
References
Allam SR, Yadav R, Meziane M, Mehta AC (2006) A middle-aged man with asymptomatic chest wall asymmetry. Cleve Clin J Med 73:754–756
Bamforth JS, Fabian C, Machin G, Honore L (1992) Poland anomaly with a limb body wall disruption defect: case report and review. Am J Med Genet 43:780–784
Bergman RA (2013) Anatomy atlases: illustrated encyclopedia of human anatomic variation. http://www.anatomyatlases.org/
Bergman RA, Thompson SA, Saadeh FA (1988) Anomalous fascicle and high origin of latissimus dorsi compensating for absence of serratus anterior. Anat Anz 167:161–164
Bing R (1902) Ueber angeborene muskeldefecte. Virchows Arch 170:175–228
Chernev I, Pessina MA (2009) Unilateral complete congenital serratus anterior muscle aplasia: a case report. PMR 1:587–589
Clark E (1915) Congenital variation of the pectoral muscles, with report of a case. J Anat Physiol 49:155–164
David TJ (1982) Familial Poland anomaly. J Med Genet 19:293–296
de Castro Pochini A, Ejnisman B, Andreoli CV, Monteiro GC, Silva AC, Cohen M, Albertoni WM (2009) Pectoralis major muscle rupture in athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med 38:92–98
ElMaraghy AW, Devereaux MW (2012) A systematic review and comprehensive classification of pectoralis major tears. J Should Elbow Surg 21:412–422
Fokin AA, Robicsek F (2002) Poland’s syndrome revisited. Ann Thorac Surg 74:2218–2225
Freire-Maia N, Chautard EA, Opitz JM, Freire-Maia A, Quelce-Salgado A (1973) The Poland syndrome-clinical and genealogical data, dermatoglyphic analysis, and incidence. Hum Hered 23:97–104
Frola C, Serrano J, Cantoni S, Casiglia M, Turtulici I, Loria F (1995) CT findings of atrophy of chest wall muscle after thoracotomy: relationship between muscles involved and type of surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol 164:599–601
Goodman P, Balachandran S, Guinto FC Jr (1993) Postoperative atrophy of posterolateral chest wall musculature: CT demonstration. J Comput Assist Tomogr 17:63–66
He ZM, Ao YF, Wang JQ, Hu YL, Yin Y (2010) Twelve cases of the pectoralis major muscle tendon rupture with surgical treatment-an average of 6.7-year follow-up. Chin Med J (Engl) 123:57–60
Khandelwal A, O’hea BJ, Garguilo G (2004) Breast cancer in a patient with Poland’s syndrome. Am Surg 70:491–495
Lacorte D, Marsella M, Guerrini P (2010) A case of Poland syndrome associated with dextroposition. Ital J Pediatr 36:21
Lee YH, Chun SI (1991) Congenital absence of pectoralis major: a case report and isokinetic analysis of shoulder motion. Yonsei Med J 32:87–90
Legbo JN (2006) Poland’s syndrome: report of a variant. J Natl Med Assoc 98:97–99
Mcgillivray BC, Lowry RB (1977) Poland syndrome in British Columbia: incidence and reproductive experience of affected persons. Am J Med Genet 1:65–74
Merlob P, Schonfeld A, Ovadia Y, Reisner SH (1989) Real-time echo-Doppler duplex scanner in the evaluation of patients with Poland sequence. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 32:103–108
Moir CR, Johnson CH (2008) Poland’s syndrome. Semin Pediatr Surg 17:161–166
Mysnyk MC, Johnson DE (1991) Congenital absence of the pectoralis muscles in two collegiate wrestling champions. Clin Orthop Relat Res 265:183–186
Nachnani JS, Supe AN (2001) A variant of Poland syndrome. J Postgrad Med 47:131–132
Perez Aznar JM, Urbano J, Garcia Laborda E, Quevedo Moreno P, Ferrer Vergara L (1996) Breast and pectoralis muscle hypoplasia. A mild degree of Poland’s syndrome. Acta Radiol 37:759–762
Seror P, Krahn M, Laforet P, Leturcq F, Maisonobe T (2008) Complete fatty degeneration of lumbar erector spinae muscles caused by a primary dysferlinopathy. Muscle Nerve 37:410–414
Seyfer AE, Icochea R, Graeber GM (1988) Poland’s anomaly. Natural history and long-term results of chest wall reconstruction in 33 patients. Ann Surg 208:776–782
Uludag M, Cece H, Incebiyik S, Demirkol A, Karakas E, Akgun K (2011) Scapular winging in Poland syndrome. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 66:929–930
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dayal, S., Bhat, R. & Shankar, N. Complete unilateral right-sided absence of the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles in an adult male cadaver of South Indian origin. Anat Sci Int 89, 53–56 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-013-0193-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-013-0193-y