Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Self-regulated learning (SRL) and the gifted learner in primary school: the theoretical basis and empirical findings on a research program dedicated to ensuring that all students learn to regulate their own learning

  • Published:
Asia Pacific Education Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

After defining self-regulated learning (SRL), explaining its importance for all ability groups, and summarizing findings on gifted learners’ scarcer use of and lower preference for SRL, we describe two instructional modules designed for teaching SRL during regular classroom instruction and homework. We then explain how the modules are theoretically grounded in Zimmerman’s (Contemp Educ Psychol 16:307–313, 1986; Handbook of self-regulation. Academic Press, San Diego, 2000) social-cognitive-theory-based SRL framework and designed according to a seven-step normative model of SRL (Ziegler and Stoeger in Accompanying manual for a training of self-regulated learning I: resource strategies for fourth-grade elementary school students to improve math skills. Pabst, Lengerich, 2005) and report empirical findings from seven studies—together involving 2019 participants—on the modules’ general and differential effectiveness for in-class primary school SRL interventions. We conclude with remarks on the implications of the modules for primary school gifted education.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed, W., van der Werf, G., Kuyper, H., & Minnaert, A. (2013). Emotions, self-regulated learning, and achievement in mathematics: A growth curve analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105, 150–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, P. A., Graham, S., & Harris, K. (1998). A perspective on strategy research: Progress and prospects. Educational Psychology Review, 10, 129–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, J. M., & Schwanenflugel, P. J. (1994). Strategy regulation: The role of intelligence, metacognitive attributions, and knowledge base. Developmental Psychology, 30, 709–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Unterricht und Kultus. (2014). LehrplanPlus Grundschule: Lehrplan für die bayerische Grundschule [CurriculumPlus elementary school: Curriculum for Bavarian elementary school]. Würzburg, Germany: Stürtz. Retrieved from Staatsinstitut für Schulqualität und Bildungsforschung (ISB) http://www.lehrplanplus.bayern.de/schulart/grundschule

  • Blair, C., & Razza, R. P. (2007). Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy abilities in kindergarten. Child Development, 78, 647–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borkowski, J. G., & Peck, V. A. (1986). Causes and consequences of metamemory in gifted children. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness (pp. 182–200). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P. (2001). Skill formation in the twenty-first century. In P. Brown, A. Green, & H. Lauder (Eds.), High skills: Globalization, competitiveness and skill formation (pp. 1–55). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, C. K., & Rao, N. (2010). Revisiting the Chinese learner: Changing contexts, changing education CERC studies in comparative education (Vol. 25). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Degner, S., & Gruber, H. (2011). Persons in the shadow: How guidance works in the acquisition of expertise. In B. Weber, E. Marsal, & T. Dobashi (Eds.), The politics of empathy: New interdisciplinary perspectives on an ancient phenomenon (pp. 103–116). Münster: Lit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dignath, C., Buettner, G., & Langfeldt, H.-P. (2008). How can primary school students learn self-regulated learning strategies most effectively? A meta-analysis on self-regulation training programmes. Educational Research Review, 3, 101–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dignath, C., & Büttner, G. (2008). Components of fostering self-regulated learning among students: A meta-analysis on intervention studies at primary and secondary school level. Metacognition Learning, 3, 231–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, A. J., & Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 218–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hattie, J., Biggs, J., & Purdie, N. (1996). Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 99–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77, 81–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilbert, M. (2014). How much of the global information and communication explosion is driven by more, and how much by better technology? Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65, 856–861.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hübner, S., Nückles, M., & Renkl, A. (2010). Writing learning journals: Instructional support to overcome learning-strategy deficits. Learning and Instruction, 20, 18–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H. W., Seaton, M., Trautwein, U., Lüdtke, O., Hau, K. T., O’Mara, A. J., & Craven, R. G. (2008). The big-fish-little-pond-effect stands up to critical scrutiny: Implications for theory, methodology, and future research. Educational Psychology Review, 20, 319–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McInerney, D. M., Cheng, R. W., Mok, M. M. C., & Lam, A. K. H. (2012). Academic self concept and learning strategies: Direction of effect on student academic achievement. Journal of Advanced Academics, 23, 248–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nota, L., Soresi, S., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2004). Self-regulation and academic achievement and resilience: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 198–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obergriesser, S., Steinbach, J., & Stoeger, H. (2015, March). Finding and helping gifted underachievers: An empirical study with fourth-graders. Presentation at the QAGTC 2015 International Conference: Illuminating the Spectrum of Giftedness and Talent Development, Brisbane.

  • Obergriesser, S., & Stoeger, H. (2014, September). Emotional resources of gifted students and their relation to students’ use of learning strategies. Presentation at the 14th International Conference of the European Council for High Ability (ECHA), Ljubljana, Slovenia.

  • Ocak, G., & Yamaҫ, A. (2013). Examination of the relationships between fifth graders’ self regulated learning strategies, motivational beliefs, attitudes, and achievement. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13, 380–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., & Perry, R. P. (2002). Academic emotions in students’ self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research. Educational Psychologist, 37, 91–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000a). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451–502). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000b). Multiple goals, multiple pathways: The role of goal orientation i learning and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 544–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ponitz, C. E. C., McClelland, M. M., Jewkes, A. M., Connor, C. M., Farris, C. L., & Morrison, F. J. (2008). Touch your toes! Developing a direct measure of behavioral regulation in early childhood. Early childhood Research Quarterly, 23, 141–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pressley, M., Graham, S., & Harris, K. (2006). The state of educational intervention research as viewed through the lens of literacy intervention. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramdass, D., & Zimmerman, B. (2011). Developing self-regulation skills: The important role of homework. Journal of Advanced Academics, 22, 194–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renkl, A., Mandl, H., & Gruber, H. (1996). Inert knowledge: Analyses and remedies. Educational Psychologist, 31, 115–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salomon, G., & Perkins, P. N. (1989). Rocky roads to transfer: Rethinking mechanism of a neglected phenomenon. Educational Psychologist, 24, 113–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, W., & Bjorklund, D. F. (1992). Expertise, aptitude, and strategic remembering. Child Development, 63, 461–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schunk, D. H., & Rice, J. M. (1987). Enhancing comprehension skill and self-efficacy with strategy value information. Journal of Reading Behavior, 19, 285–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scruggs, T. E., & Mastropieri, M. A. (1988). Acquisition and transfer of learning strategies by gifted and nongifted students. The Journal of Special Education, 22, 153–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sontag, C., & Stoeger, H. (2015). Can highly intelligent and high-achieving students benefit from traininig in self-regulated learning in a regular classroom context? (submitted)

  • Sontag, C., Stoeger, H., & Harder, B. (2012). The relationship between intelligence and the preference for self-regulated learning: A longitudinal study with fourth-graders. Talent Development and Excellence, 4, 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Sontag, C. (2012). How gifted students learn: A literature review. In A. Ziegler, C. Fischer, H. Stoeger, & M. Reutlinger (Eds.), Gifted education as a lifelong challenge: Essays in honour of Franz J. Mönks (pp. 315–336). Lit: Muenster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., Sontag, C., & Ziegler, A. (2014a). Impact of a teacher-led intervention on preference for self-regulated learning, finding main ideas in expository texts, and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106, 799–814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., Steinbach, J., Obergriesser, S., & Matthes, B. (2014b). What is more important for fourth-grade primary school students for transforming their potential into achievement: the individual or the environmental box in multidimensional conceptions of giftedness? High Ability Studies, 25, 5–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2005). Evaluation of an elementary classroom self-regulated learning program for gifted mathematics underachievers. International Education Journal, 6, 261–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2006). On the influence of motivational orientations on a training to enhance self-regulated learning skills. Georgian Electronic Scientific Journal: Education Science and Psychology, 9, 13–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2008a). Trainingshandbuch selbstreguliertes Lernen II: Grundlegende Textverständnisstrategien für Schüler der 4. bis 8. Jahrgangsstufe [Accompanying manual for a training of self-regulated learning II: Basic text strategies for fourth- to eighth-grade students]. Lengerich: Pabst.

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2008b). Evaluation of a classroom based training to improve self-regulation in time management tasks during homework activities with fourth graders. Metacognition and Learning, 3, 207–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2010). Do pupils with differing cognitive abilities benefit similarly from a self-regulated learning training program? Gifted Education International, 26, 110–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (2011). Self-regulatory training through elementary-school students’ homework completion. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 87–101). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinert, F. (1997). Notwendige Methodenvielfalt: Unterschiedliche Lernfähigkeit der Schüler erfordern variable Unterrichtsmethoden des Lehrers. Friedrich Jahresheft, XV, 50–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, C. E., Husman, J., & Dierking, D. R. (2000). Self-regulation interventions with a focus on learning strategies. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 727–747). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, C. E., & Mayer, R. E. (1986). The teaching of learning strategies. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 315–327). New York, NY: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, A., & Stoeger, H. (2005). Trainingshandbuch selbstreguliertes Lernen I: Lernökologische Strategien für Schüler der 4. Jahrgangsstufe zur Verbesserung mathematischer Kompetenzen. [Accompanying manual for a training of self-regulated learning I: Resource strategies for fourth-grade elementary school students to improve math skills]. Lengerich: Pabst.

  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1986). Becoming a self-regulated learner: Which are the key subprocesses? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 16, 307–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-regulating academic learning and achievement: The emergence of a social cognitive perspective. Educational Psychological Review, 2, 173–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heidrun Stoeger.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Stoeger, H., Fleischmann, S. & Obergriesser, S. Self-regulated learning (SRL) and the gifted learner in primary school: the theoretical basis and empirical findings on a research program dedicated to ensuring that all students learn to regulate their own learning. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. 16, 257–267 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-015-9376-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-015-9376-7

Keywords

Navigation