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Assessment of Malaysian brown seaweed Padina gymnospora antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity in different solvent extractions

Fisheries Science volume 88, pages 493–507 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

The combination of a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics approach and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differentiate variations of active metabolites in Padina gymnospora subjected to different extraction solvents. Their proximate composition and phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity were also evaluated. A total of 13 metabolites were identified in the different solvents (polar, semipolar, and nonpolar) via 1H-NMR analysis. The present study demonstrated that P. gymnospora brown seaweed was rich in protein, lipid, and carbohydrates. Phytochemical investigation of the different P. gymnospora extracts revealed various secondary metabolites. The most abundant essential amino acid was leucine [5.79 ± 0.06 mg g−1 dry weight (DW)], and the most abundant nonessential amino acid was glutamic acid (8.62 ± 0.04 mg g−1 DW). The presence of metabolites such as alanine, N-phenylacetylphenylalanine, glutamic acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, sarcosine, and π-methylhistidine in the seaweed extracts was strongly correlated with their level of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging activity. P. gymnospora appeared to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43,300). The study also revealed P. gymnospora’s potential for use as a rich source of antioxidant agents, implying that commercial cultivation of this seaweed may be incentivized.

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Acknowledgements

The authors graciously acknowledge the funding for this research by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) through the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) funding of Higher Centres of Excellence (HiCOE) (Grant no. 6369100), and SATREPS-COSMOS Project. The authors also thank the Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia for making available all the equipment for the evaluations carried out. We graciously acknowledge the support and assistance of all technical staff for their contributions during sampling, laboratory work, and analysis.

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  1. Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin, Muhammad Syazwan Shahidan, Nur Amirah Izyan Noor Mazli, Tan Hui Teng, Yam Sim Khaw & Ina Salwany Md Yasin

  2. Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Azizul Isha

  3. Biochemistry Department, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University (IBBU), Lapai, Nigeria

    Mohammed Aliyu-Paiko

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  1. Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin
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Nazarudin, M.F., Shahidan, M.S., Mazli, N.A.I.N. et al. Assessment of Malaysian brown seaweed Padina gymnospora antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity in different solvent extractions. Fish Sci 88, 493–507 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-022-01606-0

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Keywords

  • 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging
  • Antioxidant activity
  • Metabolomics
  • Padina gymnospora
  • Seaweed