The First Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Raw Sewage and Mussels in South Africa

Onosi, Oikwathaile; Upfold, Nicole S.; Jukes, Michael D.; Luke, Garry A.; Knox, Caroline

doi:10.1007/s12560-019-09417-w

Brief Communication
Published: 30 November 2019

The First Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Raw Sewage and Mussels in South Africa

Oikwathaile Onosi¹^na1,
Nicole S. Upfold ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-0370¹^na1,
Michael D. Jukes¹,
Garry A. Luke² &
Caroline Knox¹

Food and Environmental Virology volume 12, pages 84–88 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Human bocavirus (HBoV) has a global distribution and is associated with respiratory and enteric infections, particularly in the paediatric population. In this study, raw sewage and mussel samples were analysed for the presence of HBoV using nested PCR with primers targeting the VP1/VP2 junction. Amplification and sequencing of the 382 bp region followed by phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of HBoV 2 in mussel samples and HBoV 3 in sewage samples. This is the first report describing the presence of enteric-associated HBoV in environmental samples from South Africa and in mussel samples from the African continent. The results signify the need for further studies examining the potential risk of foodborne transmission of HBoV and highlight the importance of continued screening to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of HBoV in South Africa.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Medical Research Council (MRC, South Africa) and Research Council (RC, Rhodes University) grants. OO was supported by the Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and wellness, Botswana. NU was supported by postgraduate fellowships from the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The content of this publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent official views of the funders.

Author information

Oikwathaile Onosi and Nicole S. Upfold have contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
Oikwathaile Onosi, Nicole S. Upfold, Michael D. Jukes & Caroline Knox
Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
Garry A. Luke

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Oikwathaile Onosi
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Nicole S. Upfold
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Michael D. Jukes
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Garry A. Luke
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Caroline Knox
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Correspondence to Nicole S. Upfold.

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Ethics approval for this work was not required as the study only involved invertebrates.

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Onosi, O., Upfold, N.S., Jukes, M.D. et al. The First Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Raw Sewage and Mussels in South Africa. Food Environ Virol 12, 84–88 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-019-09417-w

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Received: 10 October 2019
Accepted: 27 November 2019
Published: 30 November 2019
Issue Date: March 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-019-09417-w

Keywords

Human bocavirus
Parvoviridae
Wastewater
Shellfish
Enteric