Abstract
It is important to control the ship course in complicated ocean environment. In this paper, a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) based Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) tuning method is proposed in the application of the ship course. Here, GWO is used to tune the parameters of ADRC. To validate the performance of the proposed method, some simulations have been carried out and the results are compared with the results of other tuning methods, such as, Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Q-learning and manual tuning. To test the stability of different tuning methods, the cases of no disturbance, constant value disturbance, second-order wave force disturbance, white noise disturbance and mixed disturbance are considered. The robustness of the system for parameters perturbation is analyzed. The research indicates that the GWO based ADRC can achieve better performance than other methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L. T. Tung, “Design a ship autopilot using neural network,” Journal of Ship Production and Design, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 192–196, 2017.
W. X. Wang and C. Liu, “An efficient ship autopilot design using observer-based model predictive control,” Proc. of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part M-Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, p. 10, 2020.
T. Dlabac, M. Calasan, M. Krcum, and N. Marvucic, “PSO-based PID controller design for ship course-keeping autopilot,” Brodogradnja, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 1–15, 2019.
L. Y. Zhu, T. S. Li, R. H. Yu, Y. Wu, and J. Ning, “Observer-based adaptive fuzzy control for intelligent ship autopilot with input saturation,” International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1416–1429, 2020.
Y. Y. Wang, S. H. Chai, and H. D. Nguyen, “Unscented kalman filter trained neural network control design for ship autopilot with experimental and numerical approaches,” Applied Ocean Research, vol. 85, pp. 162–172, 2019.
A. Zaafouri, C. Ben Regaya, H. Ben Azza, and A. Chaari, “Dsp-based adaptive backstepping using the tracking errors for high-performance sensorless speed control of induction motor drive,” ISA Transactions, vol. 60, pp. 333–347, 2016.
C. B. Regaya, F. Farhani, A. Zaafouri, and A. Chaari, “A novel adaptive control method for induction motor based on backstepping approach using dspace DS 1104 control board,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 100, pp. 466–481, 2018.
C. Ben Regaya, F. Farhani, H. Hamdi, A. Zaafouri, and A. Chaari, “Robust anfis vector control of induction motor drive for high-performance speed control supplied by a photovoltaic generator,” WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control, vol. 15, no. 37, pp. 356–365, 2020.
C. Ben Regaya, F. Farhani, A. Zaafouri, and A. Chaari, “Proportional-integral field oriented control of induction motor with fuzzy logic gains adaptation,” International Journal of Control Systems and Robotics, vol. 4, pp. 115–123, 2019.
K. H. Ang, G. Chong, and Y. Li, “PID control system analysis, design, and technology,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 559–576, 2005.
J. Q. Han, “From PID to active disturbance rejection control,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 900–906, 2009.
Y. Huang and W. C. Xue, “Active disturbance rejection control: Methodology and theoretical analysis,” ISA Transactions, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 963–976, 2014.
S. Das and B. Subudhi, “A two-degree-of-freedom internal model-based active disturbance rejection controller for a wind energy conversion system,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 2664–2671, 2020.
R. Patelski and P. Dutkiewicz, “On the stability of ADRC for manipulators with modelling uncertainties,” ISA Transactions, vol. 102, pp. 295–303, 2020.
R. Madonski, M. Stankovic, S. Shao, Z. Q. Gao, J. Yang, and S. H. Li, “Active disturbance rejection control of torsional plant with unknown frequency harmonic disturbance,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 100, p. 12, 2020.
D. Yoo, S. S. T. Yau, and Z. Gao, “Optimal fast tracking observer bandwidth of the linear extended state observer,” International Journal of Control, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 102–111, 2007.
C. Aguilar-Ibanez, H. Sira-Ramirez, and J. A. Acosta, “Stability of active disturbance rejection control for uncertain systems: A lyapunov perspective,” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 27, no. 18, pp. 4541–4553, 2017.
C. Aguilar-Ibanez, H. Sira-Ramirez, J. A. Acosta, and M. S. Suarez-Castanon, “An algebraic version of the active disturbance rejection control for second-order flat systems,” International Journal of Control, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 215–222, 2021.
H. Zhang, Y. Y. Wang, G. W. Zhang, and C. H. Tang, “Research on LADRC strategy of PMSM for road-sensing simulation based on differential evolution algorithm,” Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 958–970, 2020.
X. S. Zhou, C. L. Wang, and Y. J. Ma, “Vector speed regulation of an asynchronous motor based on improved firstorder linear active disturbance rejection technology,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 20, 2020.
Z. Q. Chen, B. B. Qin, M. W. Sun, and Q. L. Sun, “Q-learning-based parameters adaptive algorithm for active disturbance rejection control and its application to ship course control,” Neurocomputing, vol. 408, pp. 51–63, 2020.
A. Witkowska, M. Tomera, and R. Smierzchalski, “A back-stepping approach to ship course control,” International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 73–85, 2007.
A. A. Heidari, S. Mirjalili, H. Faris, I. Aljarah, M. Mafarja, and H. L. Chen, “Harris hawks optimization: Algorithm and applications,” Future Generation Computer Systems-the International Journal of Escience, vol. 97, pp. 849–872, 2019.
S. Mirjalili, S. M. Mirjalili, and A. Lewis, “Grey wolf optimizer,” Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 69, pp. 46–61, 2014.
R. Salgotra, U. Singh, and S. Sharma, “On the improvement in grey wolf optimization,” Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 3709–3748, 2020.
R. H. Abiyev and M. Tunay, “Optimization of high-dimensional functions through hypercube evaluation,” Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2015, 2015.
A. Naserbegi, M. Aghaie, and A. Zolfaghari, “Implementation of grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to multi-objective loading pattern optimization of a PWR reactor,” Annals of Nuclear Energy, vol. 148, p. 10, 2020.
X. D. Sun, Z. J. Jin, Y. F. Cai, Z. B. Yang, and L. Chen, “Grey wolf optimization algorithm based state feedback control for a bearingless permanent magnet synchronous machine,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 13631–13640, 2020.
L. J. Rubini and E. Perumal, “Hybrid kernel support vector machine classifier and grey wolf optimization algorithm based intelligent classification algorithm for chronic kidney disease,” Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 2297–2307, 2020.
N. Paliwal, L. Srivastava, and M. Pandit, “Application of grey wolf optimization algorithm for load frequency control in multi-source single area power system,” Evolutionary Intelligence, 2020.
W. Tan and C. F. Fu, “Linear active disturbance-rejection control: Analysis and tuning via IMC,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 2350–2359, 2016.
R. H. Li, T. S. Li, R. X. Bu, Q. L. Zheng, and C. L. P. Chen, “Active disturbance rejection with sliding mode control based course and path following for underactuated ships,” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2013, p. 9, 2013.
W. Tan, Y. C. Hao, and D. H. Li, “Load frequency control in deregulated environments via active disturbance rejection,” International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 66, pp. 166–177, 2015.
Y. Saji and M. Barkatou, “A discrete bat algorithm based on levy flights for euclidean traveling salesman problem,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 172, 2021.
A. R. Jordehi, “Particle swarm optimisation for dynamic optimisation problems: A review,” Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 25, no. 7–8, pp. 1507–1516, 2014.
Y. A. Sun, B. Xue, M. J. Zhang, and G. G. Yen, “A particle swarm optimization-based flexible convolutional autoencoder for image classification,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 2295–2309, 2019.
H. Freire, P. B. M. Oliveira, and E. J. S. Pires, “From single to many-objective PID controller design using particle swarm optimization,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 918–932, 2017.
I. Nahum-Shani, M. Qian, D. Almirall, W. E. Pelham, B. Gnagy, G. A. Fabiano, J. G. Waxmonsky, J. Yu, and S. A. Murphy, “Q-learning: A data analysis method for constructing adaptive interventions,” Psychological Methods, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 478–494, 2012.
C. Liu and Y. L. Murphey, “Optimal power management based on Q-learning and neuro-dynamic programming for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1942–1954, 2020.
S. A. A. Rizvi and Z. L. Lin, “Output feedback Q-learning control for the discrete-time linear quadratic regulator problem,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1523–1536, 2019.
C. L. Chen, D. Y. Dong, H. X. Li, J. Chu, and T. J. Tarn, “Fidelity-based probabilistic Q-learning for control of quantum systems,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 920–933, 2014.
S. I. Han, “Fractional-order sliding mode constraint control for manipulator systems using grey wolf and whale optimization algorithms,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 676–686, 2021.
M. Rahmani, H. Komijani, and M. H. Rahman, “New sliding mode control of 2-DOF robot manipulator based on extended grey wolf optimizer,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1572–1580, 2020.
Funding
This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61973175, Grant 62073177 and Grant 61973172, Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students under Grant 2021YJSB018 and Grant 2020YJSB003, South African National Research Foundation under Grant 112108, Grant 132797, Grant 137951, and Grant 112142, South African National Research Foundation Incentive under Grant 114911, and Eskom Tertiary Education Support Programme Grant of South Africa.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Jia Ren was born in 1996. She received her B.E. degree in automation from the Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China, in 2019 and she is currently a Ph.D. student at Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Zengqiang Chen was born in 1964. He received his B.S., M.E., and Ph.D. degrees from Nankai University, in 1987, 1990, and 1997, respectively. He is currently a professor of control theory and engineering of Nankai University. His current research interests include intelligent predictive control and complex dynamic network.
Yikang Yang received his B.E. degree in Intelligence Science and Technology from Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China, in 2017. Currently, he is a Ph.D. student at Nankai University, Tianjin, China. His research interests include electromyography signals processing and machine learning.
Mingwei Sun was born in 1972. He received his Ph.D. degree from the Department of Computer and Systems Science, Nankai University in 2000. He is currently a professor of Nankai University. His research interests include model predictive control, active disturbance rejection control, and nonlinear optimization.
Qinglin Sun received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in Tianjin University, in 1985 and 1990, respectively, and a Ph.D. degree in control science and engineering from Nankai University in 2003. He is currently a professor in Nankai University. His research interests include self-adaptive control and embedded control systems.
Zenghui Wang received his B.Eng. degree in automation from Naval Aviation Engineering Academy, China, in 2002, and a Ph.D. degree in Nankai University in 2007. He is currently a professor with the University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa. His research interests are control theory and control engineering.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ren, J., Chen, Z., Yang, Y. et al. Grey Wolf Optimization Based Active Disturbance Rejection Control Parameter Tuning for Ship Course. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 20, 842–856 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-021-0062-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-021-0062-8