Skip to main content
Log in

Event-triggered Iterative Learning Control for Perfect Consensus Tracking of Non-identical Fractional Order Multi-agent Systems

  • Regular Papers
  • Intelligent Control and Applications
  • Published:
International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the perfect tracking problem of output consensus for a class of non-identical fractional order multi-agent systems (NIFOMASs), in which different agents have different and unknown factional orders and dynamic functions. For the NIFOMASs including one leader agent and multiple follower agents, by designing the event-triggered mechanism along an iteration axis and introducing it into the iterative learning controller, an event-triggered iterative learning consensus protocol is proposed to reduce the number of controller update and to save the communication resource. By analyzing the convergence of learning process, the sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the output consensus tracking can be perfectly achieved over the finite time interval as the iteration step goes to infinity. Finally, three numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and wide application scope of the proposed control strategy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K. K. Oh, M. C. Park, and H. S. Ahn, “A survey of multi-agent formation control,” Automatica, vol. 53, pp. 424–440, March 2015.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. J. Qin, Q. Ma, Y. Shi, and L. Wang, “Recent advances in consensus of multi-agent systems: A brief survey,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 4972–4983, June 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. X. Ge, Q. L. Han, D. Ding, X. M. Zhang, and B. Ning, “A survey on recent advances in distributed sampled-data cooperative control of multi-agent systems,” Neurocomputing, vol. 275, pp. 1684–1701, Jan. 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Sun, Y. Zhang, D. Baleanu, W. Chen, and Y. Chen, “A new collection of real world applications of fractional calculus in science and engineering,” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 64, pp. 213–231, Nov. 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Cao, Y. Li, W. Ren, and Y. Chen, “Distributed coordination of networked fractional-order systems,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 362–370, April 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M. A. Pakzad, S. Pakzad, and M. A. Nekoui, “Stability analysis of time-delayed linear fractional-order systems,” International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 519–525, June 2013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Bai, G. Wen, Y. Song, A. Rahmani, and Y. Yu, “Distributed formation control of fractional-order multi-agent systems with relative damping and communication delay,” International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 85–94, Feb. 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Cao and W. Ren, “Distributed formation control for fractional-order systems: Dynamic interaction and absolute/relative damping,” Systems & Control Letters, vol. 59, pp. 233–240, March-April 2010.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. P. Gong and W. Lan, “Distributed robust containment control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with unknown fractional-order dynamics,” Proc. of Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), Jinan, China, pp. 1320–1325, Oct. 2017.

  10. L. Wang and G. Zhang, “Robust output consensus for a class of fractional-order interval multi-agent systems,” Asian Journal of Control, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1679–1691, 2019.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. P. Gong and W. Lan, “Adaptive robust tracking control for uncertain nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems with directed topologies,” Automatica, vol. 92, pp. 92–99, June 2018.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Chu, H. Yang, and F Liu, “Consensus of fractional-order multi-agent systems with heterogenous communication delays,” Computer Simulation, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 389–393, April 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  13. X. Yin and S. Hu, “Consensus of fractional-order uncertain multi-agent systems based on output feedback,” Asian Journal of Control, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1538–1542, Sep. 2013.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Z. Yu, H. Jiang, C. Hu, and J. Yu, “Leader-following consensus of fractional-order multi-agent systems via adaptive pinning control,” International Journal of Control, vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 1746–1756, Sep. 2015.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. J. Bai, G. Wen, A. Rahmani, and Y. Yu, “Distributed consensus tracking for the fractional-order multi-agent systems based on the sliding mode control method,” Neurocomputing, vol. 235, pp. 210–216, April 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Z. Yu, H. Jiang, C. Hu, and J. Yu, “Necessary and sufficient conditions for consensus of fractional-order multiagent systems via sampled-data control,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 47, no.8, pp. 1892–1901, Aug. 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Y. W. Wang, Y. Lei, T. Bian, and Z. H. Guan, “Distributed control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with unknown and nonidentical control directions via event-triggered communication,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 1820–1832, May 2020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Shi, Y. Yu, and X. Teng, “Leader-following consensus of general fractional-order linear multi-agent systems via event-triggered control,” The Journal of Engineering, vol. 2018, no. 4, pp. 199–202, April 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Ye and H. Su, “Leader-following consensus of general linear fractional-order multiagent systems with input delay via event-triggered control,” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 28, no. 18, pp. 5717–5729, Dec. 2018.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. F. Wang and Y. Yang, “Leader-following consensus of nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems via event-triggered control,” International Journal of Systems Science, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 571–577, June 2017.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. T. Hu, Z. He, X. Zhang, and S. Zhong, “Leader-following consensus of fractional-order multi-agent systems based on event-triggered control,” Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 2219–2232, Feb. 2020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Y. Chen, G. Wen, Z. Peng, and A. Rahmani, “Consensus of fractional-order multiagent system via sampled-data event-triggered control,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 356, no. 17, pp. 10241–10259, Nov. 2019.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. B. Wu, D. Wang, and E. K. Poh, “High precision satellite attitude tracking control via iterative learning control,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 528–533, March 2015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Yang, J. X. Xu, D. Huang, and Y. Tan, “Optimal iterative learning control design for multi-agent systems consensus tracking,” Systems & Control Letters, vol. 69, pp. 80–89, July 2014.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. X. Dai, C. Wang, S. Tian, and Q. Huang, “Consensus control via iterative learning for distributed parameter models multi-agent systems with time-delay,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 356, no. 10, pp. 5240–5259, July 2019.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. X. Deng, X. Sun, and R. Liu, “Quantized consensus control for second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with sliding mode iterative learning approach,” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 518–533, June 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. D. Meng, Y. Jia, J. Du, and J. Zhang, “On iterative learning algorithms for the formation control of nonlinear multiagent systems,” Automatica, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 291–295, Jan. 2014.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Lv, M. Pan, X. Li, W. Cai, T. Lan, and B. Li, “Consensus control of fractional-order multi-agent systems with time delays via fractional-order iterative learning control,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 159731–159742, Nov. 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. D. Luo, J. Wang, D. Shen, and M. Fečkan, “Iterative learning control for fractional-order multi-agent systems,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 356, no. 12, pp. 6328–6351, Aug. 2019.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. L. M. Wang and G. S. Zhang, “Performance index based observer-type iterative learning control for consensus tracking of uncertain nonlinear fractional-order multiagent systems,” Complexity, vol. 2019, pp. 1–17, Nov. 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  31. W. Xiong, X. Yu, R. Patel, and W. Yu, “Iterative learning control for discrete-time systems with event-triggered transmission strategy and quantization,” Automatica, vol. 72, pp. 84–91, Oct. 2016.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. T. Zhang and J. Li, “Event-triggered iterative learning control for multi-agent systems with quantization,” Asian Journal of Control, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1088–1101, May 2018.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. X. Yin, D. Yue, and S. Hu, “Consensus of fractional-order heterogeneous multi-agent systems,” IET Control Theory & Applications, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 314–322, Jan. 2013.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. H. Y. Yang, Y. Yang, F. Han, M. Zhao, and L. Guo, “Containment control of heterogeneous fractional-order multiagent systems,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 356, no. 2, pp. 752–765, Jan. 2019.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Huang, L. Chen, X. Xie, M. Wang, and B. Xu, “Distributed event-triggered consensus control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems under fixed and switching topologies,” International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1945–1956, Aug. 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. A. A. Kilbas, H. M. Srivastava, and J. J. Trujillo, Theory and Applications of Fractional Differential Equations, vol. 204, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland, 2007.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. K. Diethelm and N. J. Ford, “Analysis of fractional differential equations,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 265, no. 2, pp. 229–248, June 2002.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  38. J. X. Xu, “A survey on iterative learning control for nonlinear systems,” International Journal of Control, vol. 84, no. 7, pp. 1275–1294, June 2011.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  39. J. Li and J. Li, “Iterative learning control approach for a kind of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with distributed initial state learning,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 265, pp. 1044–1057, Aug. 2015.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  40. W. Cao, J. Qiao, and M. Sun, “Learning gain self-regulation iterative learning control for suppressing singular system measurement noise,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 66197–66205, June 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. W. Mitkowski and P. Skruch, “Fractional-order models of the supercapacitors in the form of RC ladder networks,” Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 581–587, Sep. 2013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guoshan Zhang.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Recommended by Associate Editor Dan Zhang under the direction of Editor Hamid Reza Karimi. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61473202 and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China under Grant No. F2019408063.

Liming Wang received his M.S. degree in theoretical physics from Hebei University, Baoding, China, in 2003. He is an Associate Professor of the Faculty of Physics and Electronic Information, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. degree in control science and engineering from Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. His research interests include synchronization, fractional-order multiagent systems, and iterative learning control.

Guoshan Zhang received his B.S. degree in mathematics from Northeast Normal University, China, in 1983, an M.S. degree in applied mathematics, and a Ph.D. degree in industrial automation from Northeastern University, China, in 1989 and 1996, respectively. Now he is a professor in the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, China. His research interests include nonlinear system control and intelligent control.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, L., Zhang, G. Event-triggered Iterative Learning Control for Perfect Consensus Tracking of Non-identical Fractional Order Multi-agent Systems. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 19, 1426–1442 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-019-0882-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-019-0882-y

Keywords

Navigation