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Trace fossil assemblages from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian-Emsian) of the Touat area (Reggane Basin, Algerian Sahara) and their palaeoenvironmental significance

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Abstract

Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposits of Lower Devonian (Lochkovian-Emsian) age are exposed in the northeastern part of the Reggane Basin (Touat region). Based on lithological, sedimentological and palaeontological data, these deposits are subdivided into four distinct lithological units: Unit A characterises the Silurian-Devonian transitional zone; Unit B consists of a thick succession of Lochkovian-Pragian age, whereas Units C and D both document Emsian deposits. The studied section exhibits low to moderate ichnodiversity consisting of 14 ichnotaxa: Arenicolites isp., Chondrites isp., Curvolithus multiplex, Lockeia siliquaria, Monomorphichnus isp., Neonereites bisserialis, Neonereites uniserialis, Ophiomorpha isp., Palaeophycus isp., Planolites isp., Psilonichnus upsilon, Skolithos linearis, S. verticalis, and Thalassinoides isp. Both Curvolithus multiplex and Psilonichnus upsilon are documented for the first time from Palaeozoic deposits of the Saharan platform. These ichnofaunas are commonly ascribed to the Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies. Five distinct ichnoassemblages (Ichnoassemblages A to E) were defined, reflecting palaeoenvironmental changes from the foreshore to upper offshore zones, with frequent storm influence. Ichnofabric analysis of the section studied reveals six levels with different bioturbation intensities showing different palaeoecological conditions in various environmental settings (Monospecific Planolites, Lower combined Skolithos-Arenicolites, Combined Skolithos-Thalassinoides, Monospecific Skolithos, and Upper combined Skolithos-Arenicolites and Reburrowed Chondrites ichnofabrics). The vertical evolution of these deposits displays the successive deepening and shallowing trends recorded during the Lower Devonian in this area.

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Data Availability

Data on trace fossils and primary sedimentary structures were directly recorded in the field, with specimens collected and photographed for subsequent ichno-taxonomic analysis in the laboratory. The collected specimens are housed in the geology laboratory of Kasdi Merbeh University, Ouargla, Algeria. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to express our gratitude to the Editors and the two anonymous reviewers whose collaboration and constructive suggestions greatly helped improve this manuscript. Alan Lord (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt) is much acknowledged for improving the English.

Funding

The research project was funded by the General Directorate of Scientific Research and Technological Development (“DGRSDT”) of Algeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earth and Universe Sciences Department, Kasdi Merbeh University, BP 511, Ghardaïa Road, DZ-30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    Abdelmalik Draoui, Mostapha Benzina, Khaldia Ziouit, Abdelouafi Boutadaraa, Ahmed Boutadaraa & Abderraouf Salah

  2. Mohamed Ben Ahmed Oran 2 University, Laboratory of Basin Geodynamics and Sedimentary Balance, BP 1524, El M’Naouer, DZ-31000, Oran, Algeria

    Mohamed Bendella

  3. 2 rue Guy de Maupassant, F-76800, Saint Étienne du Rouvray, France

    Bruno Ferré

  4. Mustapha Stambouli University of Mascara, DZ-29000, Mascara, Algeria

    Mansour Zaagane

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  1. Abdelmalik Draoui
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  2. Mohamed Bendella
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Contributions

Abdelmalik Draoui and Mohamed Bendella: Ideas; field work; checking the results of laboratory investigations, concept and writing of the initial paper, preparation, creation and presentation of data. Mostapha Benzina, Mansour Zaagane, Khaldia Ziouit, Abdelouafi Boutadaraa, Ahmed Boutadaraa, Abderraouf Salaha: Ideas; field work; formulation and evolution of overarching research goals and aims, preparation and writing the initial draft. Abdelmalik Draoui, Mohamed Bendella and Bruno Ferré: designing the ideas of the initial paper, preparation, data creation, trace fossil examinations and writing the initial draft.

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Correspondence to Abdelmalik Draoui or Mohamed Bendella.

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Draoui, A., Bendella, M., Ferré, B. et al. Trace fossil assemblages from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian-Emsian) of the Touat area (Reggane Basin, Algerian Sahara) and their palaeoenvironmental significance. Palaeobio Palaeoenv (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-024-00602-9

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