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Operculate cyclostome bryozoans (Eleidae) from the Bohemian Cretaceous

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Abstract

Eleidae (‘melicerititids’) are unusual cyclostome bryozoans possessing operculate zooids and mandibulate polymorphs (‘eleozooids’) resembling the avicularia of cheilostome bryozoans. Here we describe 13 eleid species from the Cenomanian-Turonian of the Bohemian Cretaceous basin in the Czech Republic. Three species of Meliceritites are new: Meliceritites kankensis, M. stillativa and M. upohlavyensis. Reptoforicula gen. nov. is introduced for free-walled eleids with multilamellar encrusting colonies, containing the type species Reptoforicula zbyslavensis sp. nov. and R. vodrazkai sp. nov. Type specimens of three species erroneously assigned to Eleidae are refigured and their true affinities discussed. This study underscores the value of eleozooids in distinguishing between otherwise closely similar eleid species. The Bohemian late Cenomanian-early Turonian eleid fauna is dominated by encrusting species, a pattern that is typical of nearshore localities and contrasts with offshore chalks where erect, vincularian species are more numerous.

Kurzfassung

Eleidae (‘melicerititids’) sind ungewöhnlich cyclostome Bryozoen, die operculate Zooide und mandibulate Polymorphe (‘Elezooiden’) aufweisen, welche den Avicularien cheilostomer Bryozoen ähneln. Hier beschreiben wir dreizehn Arten von Eleiden aus dem Cenoman-Turon des Böhmischen Kreidebeckens (BCB) in der Tschechischen Republik. Drei Arten von Meliceritites sind neu: Meliceritites kankensis, M. stillativa und M. upohlavyensis. Reptoforicula gen. nov. wird für freiwandige Eleiden mit multilamellaren, inkrustrierenden Kolonien eingeführt und enthält die Typusart Reptoforicula zbyslavensis sp. nov. und R. vodrazkai sp. nov. Das Typusmaterial von drei irrtümlich zu den Eleidae gestellten Arten werden abgebildet und ihre systematischen Affinitäten werden diskutiert. Diese Studie unterstreicht den Wert der Elozooiden zur Unterscheidung von anderweitig ähnlicher Arten der Eleidae. Die böhmische Eleiden-Fauna aus dem späten Cenoman—frühen Turon wird von inkrustrierenden Arten dominiert, was typisch für küstennahe Lokalitäten ist und im Gegensatz zu Offshore-Kalken steht, wo aufrechte, vinculare Arten zahlreicher sind.

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Acknowledgments

We thank O. Nekvasilová, J. Žítt, R. Vodrážka, T. Kočí and J. Sklenář for providing us the specimens for our study and for discussions about Cretaceous sediments in the BCB. PDT is grateful to the late Professor E. Voigt (Hamburg) for his generosity in loaning specimens of eleids and guidance in all matters bryozoological. The study was funded by the Czech Ministry of Culture under project DE06P04OMG009.

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  1. Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK

    Paul D. Taylor

  2. Department of Paleontology, National Museum, Vaclavské nam. 68, 115 79, Prague 1, Czech Republic

    Kamil Zágoršek

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Taylor, P.D., Zágoršek, K. Operculate cyclostome bryozoans (Eleidae) from the Bohemian Cretaceous. Paläontol Z 85, 407–432 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-011-0108-y

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