Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Frictional Characteristics of Tilting Pad Bearings According to Pattern Arrangement on Rough Surface Considering Asperity Contact

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Generally, when two surfaces in contact move relative to each other, friction, wear, and lubrication occur. One of the methods for changing the characteristics of two surfaces in relative motion is to process a pattern on a surface; this method is referred to as surface texturing. Studies have used various approaches to identify friction characteristics through patterns. However, relatively insufficient research has been conducted on array of patterns. As the pressure of surface lubricants can vary depending on the arrangements of patterns, it is necessary to understand the friction characteristics with respect to the arrangements. In this study, the friction effect according to the shape and arrangement of the pattern was evaluated through friction experiment that takes into account the slope effect and the asperity contact, and proposed and executed a new method for the lubrication analysis of the rough surfaces. The patterns and roughness were produced by laser processing and particle jetting (AAJ) of the experimental specimens and friction experiments were performed with the fabricated specimens. The new lubrication analysis was performed for the four types of patterns (Reference surface, X-direction-line groove, X-direction-line + zigzag groove, X-direction-zigzag + line groove). The validity of the analysis was verified by comparing the results from the experiment and analysis under the same pattern and friction conditions. The results from the friction experiment and lubrication analysis showed a similar tendency to that of the friction coefficient. As a result of the lubrication analysis, it was found that the friction characteristics according to the arrangement of the pattern may have greater or smaller friction compared to the reference surface when considering the influence of the slope. Although it did not appear clearly in the experiment due to limitations in the experimental conditions, it was confirmed that the lubrication analysis and experimental results were similar. As a result of analyzing the friction phenomenon appearing from the application of various arrangement of patterns considering asperity contact, it was possible to identify an effective pattern arrangement for reducing friction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

\(h_{m}\) :

Minimum fluid film thickness

\(S_{m}\) :

Slope

\(h_{m} /S_{m}\) :

Slope parameter

\(R_{a}\) :

Average roughness

\(R_{q}\) :

Root mean square roughness (= \(\sigma\))

\(\sigma\) :

Surface roughness (Standard deviation of asperity, = \(\sqrt {\sigma_{1}^{2} + \sigma_{2}^{2} }\))

\(\sigma_{1} ,\;\sigma_{2}\) :

Surface roughness of surface 1, surface 2 (Standard deviation of asperity)

\(h_{0}\) :

Reference position of the sapphire

References

  1. Anuradha, P., & Kumar, P. (2012). Effect of lubricant selection on EHL performance of involute spur gears. Tribology International, 50, 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2012.02.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. van der Heide, E., Huis, A. J., & Schipper, D. J. (2001). The effect of lubricant selection on galling in a model wear test. Wear, 251(12), 973–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00761-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Spear, K. E. (1989). Diamond—Ceramic coating of the future. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 72(2), 171–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Al Mahmud, K. A. H., Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., Mobarak, H. M., & Zulkifli, N. W. M. (2015). An updated overview of diamond-like carbon coating in tribology. Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, 40(2), 90–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2014.940441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang, X., Kwon, P. Y., & Schrock, D. (2013). Friction coefficient and sliding wear of AlTiN coating under various lubrication conditions. Wear, 304(1–2), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.03.050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen, Y., Wang, S., Hao, Y., Pu, J., Jiang, X., Huang, L. F., & Wang, L. (2020). Friction and wear behavior of CrN coating on 316L stainless steel in liquid sodium at elevated temperature. Tribology Interntional, 143, 106079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.106079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yang, J., Le, K., Chen, H., et al. (2023). The significantly enhanced mechanical and tribological performances of the dual plasma nitrided and PVD coated Ti6Al4V alloy. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 24, 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-023-00770-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Xu, Q. F., & Wang, J. N. (2009). A superhydrophobic coating on aluminium foil with an anti-corrosive property. New Journal of Chemistry, 33(4), 734–738. https://doi.org/10.1039/B817130K

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kashani, H., Amadeh, A., & Ghasemi, H. M. (2007). Room and high temperature wear behaviors of nickel and cobalt base weld overlay coatings on hot forging dies. Wear, 262(7–8), 800–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.08.028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Faure, C., Hänni, W., Schmutz, C. J., & Gervanoni, M. (1999). Diamond-coated tools. Diamond and Related Materials, 8(2–5), 830–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(98)00363-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Michal, E. T., Buchko, C. J., & Bigus, S. J. (2011). Therapeutic, diagnostic, or hydrophilic coating for an intracorporeal medical device. U.S. Patent, No. 6287285B1.

  12. Veerasamy, V. S. (2002). Hydrophobic coating including DLC on substrate. U.S. Patent, No. 6338901B1.

  13. Hamilton, D. B., Walowit, J. A., & Allen, C. M. (1966). A theory of lubrication by microirregularities. Journal of Basic Engineering, 88(1), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3645799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen, L., Li, R., Xie, F., & Wang, Y. (2019). Load-bearing capacity research in wet clutches with surface texture. Measurement, 142, 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.04.055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wakuda, M., Yamauchi, Y., Kanzaki, S., & Yasuda, Y. (2003). Effect of surface texturing on friction reduction between ceramic and steel materials under lubricated sliding contact. Wear, 254(3), 356–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00004-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Varenberg, M., Halperin, G., & Etsion, I. (2002). Different aspects of the role of wear debris in fretting wear. Wear, 252(11), 902–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00044-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Etsion, I. (2005). State of the art in laser surface texturing. Journal of Tribology, 127, 248–253. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1828070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lee, S. J. (2017). A study on the cross typed multi-functional FTS for manufacturing of complex micro 3D patterns, A Thesis for a Doctorate, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea.

  19. Shimomura, M. (2010). The new trends in next generation biomimetics material technology: Learning from biodiversity. NISTEP Science & Technology Foresight Center.

  20. Ball, P. (1999). Engineering shark skin and other solutions. Nature, 400(6744), 507–509. https://doi.org/10.1038/22883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wainwright, S. A., Vosburgh, F., & Hebrank, J. H. (1978). Shark skin: Function in locomotion. Science, 202(4369), 747–749. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.202.4369.747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Galda, L., Pawlus, P., & Sep, J. (2009). Dimples shape and distribution effect on characteristics of Stribeck curve. Tribology International, 42(10), 1505–1512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.06.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yu, H., Wang, X., & Zhou, F. (2010). Geometric shape effects of surface texture on the generation of hydrodynamic pressure between conformal contacting surfaces. Tribology Letters, 37(2), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-009-9497-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Myshkin, N. K., & Grigoriev, A. Y. (2008). Morphology: Texture, shape, and color of friction surfaces and wear debris in tribodiagnostics problems. Journal of Friction and Wear, 29(3), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068366608030070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang, W. Z., Huang, Z., Shen, D., Kong, L., & Li, S. (2013). The effect of triangle-shaped surface textures on the performance of the lubricated point-contacts. Journal of Tribology, 135(2), 021503. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4023206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ajayi, O. O., Greco, A. C., Erck, R. A., & Frenske, G. R. (2010). Surface texturing for friction control. Argonne national laboratory, Technical report.

  27. Menezes, P. L., & Kailas, S. V. (2008). Effect of surface roughness parameters and surface texture on friction and transfer layer formation in tin–steel tribo-system. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 208(1–3), 372–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Choi, J., & Cho, S. H. (2023). A study of ultrafast ablation on ITO thin films with wavelengths of 513 and 1026 nm for high resolution patterning. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 24, 1975–1988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-023-00868-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Cho, Y., Hwang, J., Park, M. S., et al. (2022). Fabrication methods for microscale 3D structures on silicon carbide. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 23, 1477–1502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-022-00717-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhu, Y. S., Wu, J., Lu, W. Z., et al. (2022). Surface formation mechanics and its microstructural characteristics of AAJP of aluminum alloy by using amino thermosetting plastic abrasive. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 9, 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-020-00284-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kim, M. R., Lee, S. M., Lee, D. W., et al. (2017). Tribological effects of a rough surface bearing using an average flow analysis with a contact model of asperities. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 18, 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-017-0012-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim, M. R., Lee, S. M., Lee, S. J., et al. (2017). Effect on friction reduction of micro/nano hierarchical patterns on sapphire wafers. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 4, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-017-0004-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kim, K. S., Lee, D. W., Kim, M. R., & Jung, Y. H. (2022). Measuring the fluid film thickness and evaluation of slope parameter to assess the tribological characteristics of tilting pad bearings. Measurement, 201, 111749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kovalchenko, A., Ajayi, O., Erdemir, A., Fenske, G., & Etsion, I. (2005). The effect of laser surface texturing on transitions in lubrication regimes during unidirectional sliding contact. Tribology International, 38(3), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2004.08.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nano Energy Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gil, Geumjeonggu, 46241, Republic of Korea

    Kang-Seok Kim & Deug-Woo Lee

  2. KITECH, 25, Yeonkkot-ro 165beon-gil, Jeongchon-myeon Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52845, Republic of Korea

    Mi-Ru Kim

Authors
  1. Kang-Seok Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Deug-Woo Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mi-Ru Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deug-Woo Lee.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, KS., Lee, DW. & Kim, MR. Frictional Characteristics of Tilting Pad Bearings According to Pattern Arrangement on Rough Surface Considering Asperity Contact. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-024-01008-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-024-01008-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation