Abstract
Hydraulic dampers are widely applied due to their characteristics of absorbing huge impact energy, stable and reliable working performance, and easy on-demand design. The hydraulic cylinder is an important part of the hydraulic damping system and the flow conditions inside the cylinder significantly affect its performance. However, only a few researches related to the flow field inside the hydraulic cylinder have been reported. In this study, a novel viscous damping system with opposing symmetrical hydraulic cylinders that can guarantee the smoothness of vibration absorption in a single degree of freedom is proposed. The advantage of this design is that the damping characteristic can be regulated using the external flow valve provided in the external hydraulic loop. The hydraulic damping system is simulated using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent software environment, different strokes and frequencies are applied to observe the internal flow characteristics. As can be seen from the results of numerical investigation, when the piston on one side moves, the piston on the other side also moves, and the pressure change in the cylinder is caused by the collective effect of the cavity volume change and the flow change of the hydraulic oil. In addition, by comparing the streamline and velocity distribution in the cavity under different strokes and frequencies, the relationship between vortex and velocity and compression distance is summarized. These results provide valuable information to facilitate the design of viscous damping system with symmetrical hydraulic cylinders.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yang, Z. Y., Ji, H., & Li, Y. G. (2018). Analysis on the main design parameters influencing the impact efficiency of dual-chamber-controlled hydraulic drifter. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 19(12), 1781–1791.
Cho, J., Jeong, H., & Kong, K. (2014). Analysis of dynamic model of a top-loading laundry machine with a hydraulic balancer. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 15(8), 1615–1623.
Oh, J., Jung, G., Lee, G., Park, Y., & Song, C. (2012). Modeling and characteristics analysis of single-rod hydraulic system using electro-hydrostatic actuator. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 13(8), 1445–1451.
Yang, S., Ou, Y., Guo, Y., & Wu, X. (2017). Analysis and optimization of the working parameters of the impact mechanism of hydraulic rock drill based on a numerical simulation. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 18(7), 971–977.
Oh, J., Song, C., Kim, D., Kim, J., Park, J., & Cho, J. (2016). Numerical investigation of performance of hydraulic percussion drifter. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 17(7), 879–885.
Teng, W., Shi, H., Luo, R., Zeng, J., & Huang, C. (2019). Improved nonlinear model of a yaw damper for simulating the dynamics of a high-speed train. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 233(7), 651–665.
Alonso, A., Giménez, J. G., & Gomez, E. (2011). Yaw damper modelling and its influence on railway dynamic stability. Vehicle System Dynamics, 49(9), 1367–1387.
Wang, L., Zhou, P., & Xia, M. (2018). Structure optimization and simulation based on AMESim for hydraulic damper. Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics, 0(06), 94–98.
Niu, J., Ding, Y., Shi, Y., & Li, Z. (2019). Oil damper with variable stiffness for the seismic mitigation of cable-stayed bridge in transverse direction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 125, 105719.
Li, C., An, H., Ma, H., & Wei, Q. (2017). Active compliance control for a hydraulically-actuated articulated robotic leg. In 29th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), pp. 4901–4906.
Hong, D., Ahn, C., Shim, J., Lee, S., & Jung, Y. (2015). Development and experimental performance validation of torsional viscosity damper for crank shaft system of transporting machine. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 16(7), 1591–1597.
Liem, D. T., & Ahn, K. K. (2016). Adaptive semi-parallel position/force-sensorless control of electro-hydraulic actuator system using MR fluid damper. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 17(11), 1451–1463.
Qin, Z., Wu, Y., Huang, A., Lyu, S., & Sutherland, J. (2020). Theoretical design of a novel vibration energy absorbing mechanism for cables. Applied Sciences, 10, 5309.
Conde Mellado, A., Gomez, E., & Vinolas, J. (2006). Advances on railway yaw damper characterisation exposed to small displacements. International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, 13, 263–280.
Surace, C., Worden, K., & Tomlinson, G. R. (1992). On the non-linear characteristics of automotive shock absorbers. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 206(1), 3–16.
Besinger, F. H., Cebon, D., & Cole, D. J. (1995). Damper models for heavy vehicle ride dynamics. Vehicle System Dynamics, 24(1), 35–64.
Duym, S., Stiens, R., & Reybrouck, K. (1997). Evaluation of shock absorber models. Vehicle System Dynamics, 27(2), 109–127.
Reybrouck, K. (1994). A non linear parametric model of an automotive shock absorber. SAE Transactions, 7, 1170–1177.
Mollica, R. (1997). Nonlinear dynamic model and simulation of a high pressure monotube shock absorber using the bond graph method. Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9807.
Zhou, X. (2018). Research on mechanical model and dynamic behavior of yaw damper for railway vehicles. Degree Thesis of Southwest Jiaotong University.
Xu, G. (2010). Parametric modeling of high-speed train hydraulic dampers. Degree Thesis of Nanchang University.
Wang, W., Huang, Y., Yang, X., & Xu, G. (2011). Non-linear parametric modelling of a high-speed rail hydraulic yaw damper with series clearance and stiffness. Nonlinear Dynamics, 65, 13–34.
Gao, H., Xu, T., Chi, M., Wu, X., & Guo, Z. (2017). Temperature characteristic of yaw damper and its effect on vehicle stability. Electric Drive for Locomotives, 5, 48–51.
Zhou, X., Chi, M., Gao, H., Yang, D., & Qin, J. (2018). Research on calculation method of hydraulic damper dynamic characteristics. Electric Drive for Locomotives, 4, 88–91.
Lang, H. H. (1977). A study of the characteristics of automotive hydraulic dampers at high stroking frequencies. Degree Thesis of University of Michigan.
Zhu, M., Tang, W., Wang, D., Ye, B., & Shangguan, W. (2018). Modeling and tests for dynamic characteristics of a semi-active hydraulic shock absorber. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 37(7), 139–145.
Ding, W., Tian, Y., & Xiong, Y. (2019). Research on damping characteristics of anti-kink hydraulic system in lowfloor trams. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 47(11), 71–74.
Gamez-Montero, P., Salazar, E., Castilla, R., Freire Venegas, F. J., Khamashta, M., & Codina, E. (2009). Misalignment effects on the load capacity of a hydraulic cylinder. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences - INT J MECH SCI, 51, 105–113.
ZHAN, C. . (2015). Research on low-friction and high-response hydraulic cylinder with variable clearance. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 51, 161.
Liu, F., Liu, B., Liu, H., Gong, Y., & Wang, S. (2015). Vertical vibration of strip mill with the piecewise nonlinear constraint arising from hydraulic cylinder. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 16(9), 1891–1898.
Kim, J., Han, S., & Kim, Y. (2016). Safety estimation of high-pressure hydraulic cylinder using FSI method. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 34(5), 418–423.
Luo, J., Qin, J., & Qin, G. (2018). Research on mechanical characteristics and optimization of important parts of hydraulic press based on finite element in slow loading condition. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ISBDAI '18) (pp. 178–181). New York: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3305275.3305310.
Xu, L., & Sun, H. (2019). Analysis on cracks of press-fit cylinder blocks in high-pressure piston pumps. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 41, 482.
Li, W., Wei, X., Zhou, Z., & Chen, W. (2019). Study on axial bearing capacity of hydraulic cylinder and influence of friction at both ends. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Science Edition), 46(10), 54–63.
Zhang, J. (2001). Numerical analysis of the flow field with moving boundary in a cylinder. Degree Thesis of Zhejiang University.
Yan, Y. (2011). Simulation and analysis on flow field of hydraulic cylinder gap seal. Degree Thesis of Wuhan University of Science and Technology.
Watton, J., & Thorp, J. (2005). Flow characteristics of a servovalve using a representative 3-D CFD analysis. In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Fluid Control, Measurement and Visualization, pp. 13–14.
Solazzi, L. (2019). Feasibility study of hydraulic cylinder subject to high pressure made of aluminum alloy and composite material. Composite Structures, 209, 739–746.
Qin, Z., Wu, Y. T., & Lyu, S. K. (2018). A review of recent advances in design optimization of gearbox. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 19(11), 1753–1762.
Qin, Z., Wu, Y. T., Eizad, A., Jeon, N. S., Kim, D. S., & Lyu, S. K. (2019). A study on simulation based validation of optimized design of high precision rotating unit for processing machinery. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 20(9), 1601–1609.
Qin, Z., Wu, Y. T., Eizad, A., Lee, K. H., & Lyu, S. K. (2019). Design and evaluation of two-stage planetary gearbox for special-purpose industrial machinery. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 33(12), 5943–5950.
Qin, Z., Son, H. I., & Lyu, S. K. (2018). Design of anti-vibration mounting for 140A class alternator for vehicles. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 32(11), 5233–5239.
Qin, Z., Zhang, Q., Wu, Y. T., Eizad, A., & Lyu, S. K. (2019). Experimentally validated geometry modification simulation for improving noise performance of CVT gearbox for vehicles. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 20(11), 1969–1977.
Zhang, J., Liu, B., Lü, R., Yang, Q., & Dai, Q. (2020). Study on Oil Film Characteristics Of Piston-Cylinder Pair Of Ultra-High Pressure Axial Piston Pump. Processes, 8, 68.
Riemslagh, K., Vierendeels, J., Dick, E. (1998). Simulation of incompressible flow in moving geometries. Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (ISSN-0377–8312), 24.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Regional Leading Research Center of NRF and MOCIE (NRF- 2019R1A5A808320112).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Yu-Ting Wu and Zhen Qin have contributed equally.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, YT., Qin, Z., Eizad, A. et al. Numerical Investigation of Flow Characteristics in a Viscous Damping System with Symmetrical Hydraulic Cylinders. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 22, 579–597 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-021-00474-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-021-00474-5