Abstract
The joining or welding of dissimilar metals is one of the effective measures to reduce structures weight of the production or to save rare metals and to save a manufacturing cost. In the weld fusion zone of Ti and Al, intermetallic compounds such as Ti3Al, TiAl, TiAl2 and TiAl3 are easily formed, and especially, brittle TiAl2 and TiAl3 makes such dissimilar metals joining very difficult. However, it was clarified that an ultra-high speed welding could suppress the formation of intermetallic compounds in the previous study.1 Full penetration dissimilar lap welding of Ti and Al with single-mode fiber laser was tried at ultra-high welding speed in this study, and the microstructure of the welded zone, interface zone and base metals in the dissimilar Al and Ti weld bead was investigated. To confirm the formation of intermetallic compounds in the weld fusion zone, welded interface areas were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and micro-probe X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Especially microstructural phases of Ti and Al dissimilar welds were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with EDX. It was consequently found that Ti3Al intermetallic compound phase existed in all the weld fusion zones produced under any conditions, but the formation areas of such intermetallic compounds could be reduced by the ultra-high welding speed of 50 m/min.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- P :
-
Laser power (kW)
- P max :
-
Maximum laser output (kW)
- λ :
-
Laser wavelength (nm)
- BPP:
-
Beam parameter product (mm·mrad)
- f d :
-
Focus length (mm)
- Ar:
-
=Flow rate of Ar (argon) shielding gas (l/min)
References
Lee, S.-J., Nakamura, H., Kawahito, Y., and Katayama, S., “Weldability of Ti and Al Dissimilar Metals using Single-Mode Fiber Laser,” Journal of Laser Micro/Nano Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 149–154, 2013.
Leyens, C. and Peters, M., “Titanium and Titanium Alloys; Fundamentals and Applications,” WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/3527602119. fmatter/pdf (Accessed 14 JUL 2015)
Chen, S., Li, L., Chen, Y., and Huang, J., “Joining Mechanism of Ti/ Al Dissimilar Alloys during Laser Welding-Brazing Process,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 509, No. 3, pp. 891–898, 2011.
Chen, Y. C. and Nakata, K., “Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum and Titanium Dissimilar Alloys,” Materials & Design, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 469–474, 2009.
Katayama, S., “Laser Welding,” Journal of the Japan Welding Society, Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 124–138, 2009.
Katayama, S., “Laser Welding for Manufacturing Innovation”, Journal of the Japan Welding Society, Vol. 78, No. 8, pp. 682–692, 2009.
Shamoto, H. and Mikame, K., “The Feature of High Power Single Mode Fiber Laser Processing,” Proc. of the 72nd Laser Materials Processing Conference, pp. 31–34, 2009.
Meshram, S., Mohandas, T., and Reddy, G. M., “Friction Welding of Dissimilar Pure Metals,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 184, No. 1, pp. 330–337, 2007.
Lee, S.-J., Katayama, S., and Kim, J.-D., “Microstructural Behavior on Weld Fusion Zone of Al-Ti and Ti-Al Dissimilar Lap Welding using Single-Mode Fiber Laser,” Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 133–139, 2014.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, SJ., Takahashi, M., Kawahito, Y. et al. Microstructural evolution and characteristics of weld fusion zone in high speed dissimilar welding of Ti and Al. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 16, 2121–2127 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0274-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0274-z