Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparison of gait and cognitive function among the elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy

  • Published:
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare gait pattern and cognitive function among elderly patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and Healthy Controls (HC). Twenty three elderly patients participated: 10 AD (77.2±6.84 yrs), 7 MC I(72.9±6.28 yrs), and 6 HC (71.6±5.78 yrs). Gait and Cognitive function were collected using an accelerometer attached to the foot and the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CREAD-K), respectively. To compare differences in gait performance among groups, mean stride time, magnitude and structure of gait variability and ratio of low frequency and high frequency (LF/HF ratio) of stride time sequence were used in this study. Results showed that gait variables (mean stride time, LF/HF ratio of stride time) were useful for classification between MCI and HC. Cognitive function (T1, T3, T4, T6, and T8 of CREAD-K) represented the difference between AD and HC. This study may provide a foundation for future work on progression of dementia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Morgan, D., Funk, M., Crossley, M., Basran, J., Kirk, A. and Dal Bello-Haas, V., “The Potential of Gait Analysis to Contribute to Differential Diagnosis of Early Stage Dementia: Current Research and Future Directions,” Canadian Journal on Aging, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 19–32, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kim, J., Kim, C., Lee, J., Kwon, Y., Eom, G., Tak, G. and Hong, J., “Human Postural Control against External Force Perturbation Applied to the High-back,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 147–151, 2009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Huang, C., Mattis, P. and Julin, P., “Identifying functional imaging markers of mild cognitive impairment in early Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease using multivariate analysis Identifying functional imaging markers of mild cognitive impairment in early Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease using multivariate analysis,” Clinical Neuroscience Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 367–373, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Carletti, T., Fanelli, D. and Guarino, A., “A new route to non invasive diagnosis in neurodegenerative diseases?” Neuroscience Letters, Vol. 394, No. 3, pp. 252–255, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Nakamura, T., Meguro, K. and Sasaki, H., “Relationship between falls and stride length variability in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Relationship between falls and stride length variability in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type,” Gerontology, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 108–113, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wittwer, J. E., Webster, K. E., Andrews, P. T. and Menz, H. B., “Test-retest reliability of spatial and temporal gait parameters of people with Alzheimer’s disease,” Gait & Posture, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 392–396, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Allan, L. M., Ballard, C. G. and Burn, D. J., “Prevalence and Severity of Gait Disorders in Alzheimer’s and Non-Alzheimer’s Dementias Prevalence and Severity of Gait Disorders in Alzheimer’s and Non-Alzheimer’s Dementias,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 1681–1687, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hausdorff, J. M., “Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking,” Human Movement Science, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 555–589, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Merory, J. R., Wittwer, J. E., Rowe, C. C. and Webster, K. E., “Quantitative gait analysis in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease,” Gait & Posture, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 414–419, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Scherder, E., Eggermont, L., Swaab, D., van Heuvelen, M., Kamsma, Y., de Greef, M., van Wijck, R. and Mulder, T., “Gait in ageing and associated dementias; its relationship with cognition,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 485–497, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yan, J. H., Rountree, S., Massman, P., Doody, R. S. and Li, H., “Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment deteriorate fine movement control,” Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol. 42, No. 14, pp. 1203–1212, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee, J. H., Lee, K. U., Lee, D. Y., Kim, K. W., Joo, J. H., Lee, K. H., Kim, S. Y., Han, S. H. and Woo, J. I., “Development of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease(CERAD) Assessment Packet: clinical and neuropsychological assessment Batteries,” Journal of Gerontology B Social Sciences, Vol. 57, pp. 47–53, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Peng, C. K., Havlin, S., Stanley, H. E. and Goldberger, A. L., “Quantification of scaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationary heartbeat time series,” Chaos, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 82–87, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Webster, K. E., Merory, J. R. and Wittwer, J. E., “Gait Variability in Community Dwelling Adults With Alzheimer Disease,” Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 37–40, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. O’Keeffe, S. T., Kazeem, H., Philpott, R. M., Playfer, J. R., Gosney, M. and Lye, M., “Gait Disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease: A Clinical Study,” Age & Aging, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 313–316, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hausdorff, J. M., Zemany, L., Peng, C. K. and Goldberger, A. L., “Maturation of gait dynamics: stride-to-stride variability and its temporal organization in children,” Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 1040–1047, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Choi, J. S., Kang, D. W., Mun, K. R., Bang, Y. H. and Tack, G. R., “Development of gait event detection algorithm using an accelerometer,” Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanic, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 158–166, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Verghese, J., Robbins, M., Holtzer, R., Zimmerman, M., Wang, C., Xue, X. and Lipton, R. B., “Gait Dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment Syndromes,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 56, No. 7, pp. 1244–1251, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Owings, T. M. and Grabiner, M. D., “Step width variability, but not step length variability or step time variability, discriminates gait of healthy young and older adults during treadmill locomotion,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 935–938, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University & Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 322, Danwol-dong, Chungju, Korea, 380-701

    Jin-Seung Choi, Ho-Sang Oh, Dong-Won Kang, Kyung-Ryul Mun, Mi-Hyun Choi, Su-Jeong Lee, Jae-Woong Yang, Soon-Cheol Chung & Gye-Rae Tack

  2. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 322, Danwol-dong, Chungju, Korea, 380-701

    Suk-Woo Mun

Authors
  1. Jin-Seung Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ho-Sang Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dong-Won Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kyung-Ryul Mun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mi-Hyun Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Su-Jeong Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jae-Woong Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Soon-Cheol Chung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Suk-Woo Mun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Gye-Rae Tack
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gye-Rae Tack.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Choi, JS., Oh, HS., Kang, DW. et al. Comparison of gait and cognitive function among the elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 12, 169–173 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-011-0024-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-011-0024-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation