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Impact of Controlled Thermal Oxidation on Phase Transition and Tailoring Properties of Sb2S3/Sb2O3 Composites

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Abstract

The study investigates the synthesis and characterisation of the Sb2S3/Sb2O3 composite materials through thermal oxidation at 350 °C with varying heating times. The structural, morphology, and electrical behaviours were characterised using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, PL, and EIS. The phase transformation from stibnite (Sb2S3) to Sb2O3 phases (senarmontite and valentinite) is observed and discussed. The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of characteristic Sb–S and Sb–O vibrations. The absorbance spectrum reveals a shift in the energy bandgap (Eg) with values of 1.58–2.23 eV, indicating the compositional changes due to prolonged heating. The emergence of electron donor Sb5+ ions (at 541.36 eV) and Sb3+ (at 540 eV) was investigated in the XPS study. In association, PL emission at 560 nm is attributed to the oxidative transformation of Sb3+ to Sb5+, suggesting the redox transformations within the composite. EIS analysis reveals the fastest interfacial charge-transfer process in the 60 min—heated sample. As a result, the prolonged heating time influences the phase transition and composition, resulting in the properties tailoring of the Sb2S3/Sb2O3 composites.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Unit of Excellence on Advanced Nanomaterials, the Advanced Glass and Ceramics Research Unit, the Scientific Instrument and Product Standard Quality Inspection Center (SIPQC), the School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao and the School of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology, Naresuan University for general support to this work. This work was funded by the School of Science, University of Phayao (Grant No. PBTSC64027) and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund through the University of Phayao (FF67).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand

    Chatkaew Chailuecha

  2. School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand

    Reungruthai Sirirak & Arrak Klinbumrung

  3. Unit of Excellence on Advanced Nanomaterials, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand

    Chatkaew Chailuecha, Reungruthai Sirirak & Arrak Klinbumrung

  4. School of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

    Tawat Suriwong

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Arrak Klinbumrung contributed to the study's conception and design. All authors performed the experiments. Chatkaew Chailuecha and Arrak Klinbumrung achieved analysis and data interpretation. The manuscript was drafted by Chatkaew Chailuecha and Arrak Klinbumrung, and revised and edited for important intellectual content by Arrak Klinbumrung. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Chailuecha, C., Sirirak, R., Suriwong, T. et al. Impact of Controlled Thermal Oxidation on Phase Transition and Tailoring Properties of Sb2S3/Sb2O3 Composites. Met. Mater. Int. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01692-y

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