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Improving In-Vitro Corrosion and Degradation Performance of Mg–Zn–Ca Alloy for Biomedical Applications by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

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Abstract

Magnesium and its alloys have tremendous potential as biodegradable implant materials but finding the right compromise between corrosion resistance and mechanical properties is an ongoing investigation. This study utilized equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to fabricate Magnesium-ZX 30 alloy with a refined uniform microstructure. ECAP processing via routes Bc and A for up to four passes resulted in the evolution of dynamically recrystallized textured α-Mg ultrafine grains with a high fraction of low-angle boundaries. 4Bc and 4A processing via ECAP yielded significant grain refinements of 91.6% and 86.5%, respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. X-ray diffraction verified that the α-Mg phase dominated the microstructure as a result of ECAP processing promoting the dissolution of second phases due to the high density of dislocations and vacancies it generated. Electrochemical analysis revealed that ECAP reduced galvanic corrosion and pitting corrosion. Compared to the as-annealed sample, all ECAP-processed conditions displayed a significant decrease in corrosion rates, most notably among them is the 4A condition (97%). Moreover, the surge in grain boundary density and in grain boundary misorientations accelerated the formation of the passivation film, which enhanced the corrosion resistance compared to the as-annealed conditions by 254%, 418% for the 4Bc and 4A processed conditions, respectively. This was corroborated by an immersion test conducted in ringer lactate solution for 360 h. This current work signifies that ECAP processing is capable of producing ZX30 alloy medical implants with high mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance that make it suitable for future in-vitro research.

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Acknowledgements

Researchers would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Qassim University, for funding the publication of this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, CollegeofEngineering, Qassim University, 56452, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia

    W. H. El-Garaihy & A. I. Alateyah

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, FacultyofEngineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt

    W. H. El-Garaihy

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed

  4. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, 43511, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed

  5. Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port-Said University, Port-Said, 42523, Egypt

    Mohamed S. El-Asfoury

  6. Center of Excellence for Nanomaterials for Clean Energy Applications, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 12354, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Majed O. Alawad

  7. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Amal BaQais

  8. Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, QC, H4J1J9, Canada

    Yasser Zedan

  9. Mechanical Engineering Department, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt

    Hanadi G. Salem

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  1. W. H. El-Garaihy
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  2. A. I. Alateyah
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  3. Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed
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  5. Majed O. Alawad
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Contributions

WHE-G: Project administration, Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. AIA: Project administration, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision. MMZA: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. MSE-A: Methodology, Writing—review and editing. MOA: Methodology, Formal analysis. AB: Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation. YZ: Methodology, Formal analysis. HGS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to W. H. El-Garaihy.

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El-Garaihy, W.H., Alateyah, A.I., Ahmed, M.M.Z. et al. Improving In-Vitro Corrosion and Degradation Performance of Mg–Zn–Ca Alloy for Biomedical Applications by Equal Channel Angular Pressing. Met. Mater. Int. 30, 1701–1721 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-023-01599-0

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