Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comprehensive Study of the 3D Printing of Single Tracks and Cubic Samples by Selective Laser Melting of AlSi10MgCu Alloy

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The synthesis features for 3D samples of AlSi10MgCu alloy were investigated. Two types of samples were used: single tracks and cubic samples of 10 mm3 volumes obtained by selective laser melting. 3D printing regimes and samples characteristics were compared for both types of samples. A comprehensive characterization of the initial AlSi10MgCu alloy powder was performed. The morphology, microstructure, and micro-hardness of the obtained single tracks and cubic samples were studied. The mechanism of the porosity formation was discussed in detail. A formation of pores and non–uniform structures was evidently caused by non–equilibrium crystallization during the selective laser melting process, namely 3D samples fast cooling. The lower porosity and the more uniform structure were obtained with higher values of laser power (from 220 to 240 W) Values of laser power had a crucial influence on the morphology and microstructure of the obtained 3D material. Optimal modes for selective laser melting for experimental AlSi10MgCu powder were revealed based on the microstructure and micro-hardness data. The values of the micro-hardness were varied from 115.5 to 151.1 HV. The micro-hardness for samples was increased on average by 20 HV after additional heat treatment. It was caused, most probably, by the separation of the Al2Cu phase.

Graphic Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.C. Santos, A.R. Machado, W.F. Sales, M.A.S. Barrozo, E.O. Ezugwu, Int. J Adv. Manuf. Tech. 86, 3067 (2016)

  2. A. Aversa, G. Marchese, A. Saboori, E. Bassini, D. Manfredi, S. Biamino, D. Ugues, P. Fino, M. Lombardi, Materials 12, 1007 (2019)

  3. S.O. Rogachev, E.A. Naumova, E.S. Vasileva, M. Yu Magurina, R.V. Sundeev, A.A. Veligzhanin, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 767, 138410 (2019)

  4. J.H. Martin, B.D. Yahata, J.M. Hundley, J.A. Mayer, T.A. Schaedler, T.M. Pollock, Nature 549, 3659 (2017)

  5. N.T. Aboulkhair, M. Simonelli, L. Parry, I. Ashcroft, C. Tuck, R. Hague, Prog. Mater. Sci. 106, 100578 (2019)

  6. D. Manfredi, F. Calignano, M. Krishnan, R. Canali, E.P. Ambrosio, E. Atzeni, Materials 6, 856 (2013)

  7. M.K. Surappa, Sadhana Acad. P. Eng. S. 28, 319 (2003)

  8. J. Li, X. Cheng, Z. Li, X. Zong, S.-Q. Zhang, H.-M. Wang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 735, 408 (2018)

  9. U.K. Annigeri, G.B. Veeresh Kumar, Mater. Today Proc. 5, 11233 (2018)

  10. P. Garg, A. Jamwal, D. Kumar, K.K. Sadasivuni, C.M. Hussain, P. Gupta, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 8, 4924 (2019)

  11. D. Gu, Y. Yang, L. Xi, J. Yang, M. Xia, Opt. Laser Technol. 119, 105600 (2019)

  12. X. Wen, Q. Wang, Q. Mu, N. Kang, S. Sui, H. Yang, X. Lin, W. Huang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 745, 319 (2019)

  13. A.Y. Nalivaiko, A.N. Arnautov, S.V. Zmanovsky, A.A. Gromov, Mater. Res. Express 6, 116580 (2019)

  14. A.A. Gromov, A.Y. Nalivaiko, G.N. Ambaryan, M.S. Vlaskin, O.A. Buryakovskaya, S.A. Kislenko, A.Z. Zhuk, E.I. Shkolnikov, K.V. Slyusarskiy, A.A. Osipenkova, A.N. Arnautov, Materials 12, 3180 (2019)

  15. A.Y. Nalivaiko, A.N. Arnautov, S.V. Zmanovsky, D.Y. Ozherelkov, P.K. Shurkin, A.A. Gromov, J. Alloy. Compd. 825, 154024 (2020)

  16. W. Zhou, M. Dong, Z. Zhou, X. Sun, K. Kikuchi, N. Nomura, A. Kawasaki, Carbon 141, 67 (2019)

  17. Y. Wang, J. Shi, S. Lu, W. Xiao, J. Micro Nano-Manuf. 6, 010902 (2018)

  18. B. Chen, X. Xi, C. Tan, X. Song, Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 28, 28 (2020)

  19. X. Han, H. Zhu, X. Nie, G. Wang, X. Zeng, Materials 11, 392 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Zhang, H. Zhu, T. Qi, Z. Hu, X. Zeng, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 656, 47 (2016)

  21. P. Shurkin, T. Akopyan, N. Korotkova, A. Prosviryakov, A. Bazlov, A. Komissarov, D. Moskovskikh, Metals 10, 762 (2020)

  22. R. Casati, M. Coduri, M. Riccio, A. Rizzi, M. Vedani, J. Alloy. Compd. 801, 243 (2019)

  23. J. Zhang, B. Song, Q. Wei, D. Bourell, Y. Shi, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35, 270 (2019)

  24. SLM Solutions, SLM®125 (2015), https://www.slm-solutions.com/products-and-solutions/machines/slm-125. Accessed 18 Aug 2021

  25. EOS, EOS M 100 (2015). https://www.eos.info/en/additive-manufacturing/3d-printing-metal/eos-metal-systems/eos-m-100. Accessed 18 Aug 2021

  26. A. Martin, M. San Sebastian, E. Gil, C.Y. Wang, S. Milenkovic, M.T. Pérez-Prado, C.M. Cepeda-Jiménez, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 819, 141487 (2021)

  27. N.V. Dynin, V.V. Antipov, D.V. Khasikov, I. Benarieb, A.V. Zavodov, A.G. Evgenov, Mater. Lett. 284, 128898 (2021)

  28. D.Y. Ozherelkov, S.A. Eremin, V.N. Anikin, S.V. Chernyshikhin, A.Y. Nalivaiko, A.A. Gromov, Mater. Chem. Phys. 267, 124673 (2021)

  29. A.Y. Nalivaiko, A.N. Arnautov, S.V. Zmanovsky, A.A. Gromov, Mater. Res. Express 6, 086536 (2019)

  30. J.-O. Andersson, T. Helander, L. Höglund, P.F. Shi, B. Sundman, Calphad 26, 273 (2002)

  31. Thermo-calc software, TCAL4-TCS Al-based alloy database, Version 4.0. https://www.engineering-eye.com/THERMOCALC/details/db/pdf/thermo-calc/02/tcal40_extended_info.pdf. Accessed 1 Sept 2020

  32. A.Y. Churyumov, A.V. Pozdniakov, A.S. Prosviryakov, I.S. Loginova, D.K. Daubarayte, D.K. Ryabov, V.A. Korolev, A.N. Solonin, M.D. Pavlov, S.V. Valchuk, Mater. Res. Express 6, 126595 (2019)

  33. A. Aversa, M. Moshiri, E. Librera, M. Hadi, G. Marchese, D. Manfredi, M. Lorusso, F. Calignano, S. Biamino, M. Lombardi, M. Pavese, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 255, 17 (2018)

  34. N.T. Aboulkhair, I. Maskery, C. Tuck, I. Ashcroft, N.M. Everitt, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 230, 88 (2016)

  35. S. Shrestha, S. Rauniyar, K. Chou, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 28, 611 (2019)

  36. P. Wei, Z. Wei, Z. Chen, Y. He, J. Du, Appl. Phys. A 123, 604 (2017)

  37. S.A. Khairallah, A. Anderson, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 214, 2627 (2014)

  38. I. Yadroitsev, A. Gusarov, I. Yadroitsava, I. Smurov, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 210, 1624 (2010)

  39. N.T. Aboulkhair, I. Maskery, C. Tuck, I. Ashcroft, N.M. Everitt, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 667, 139 (2016)

  40. N.T. Aboulkhair, A. Stephens, I. Maskery, C. Tuck, I. Ashcroft, N.M. Everitt, Mechanical properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg: Nano, micro, and macro properties, in Proceedings of 26th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium - an Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2015. Austin, 10-12 August 2015 (The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 2020 ), pp. 1026–1035

  41. C. Bruna-Rosso, A.G. Demir, B. Previtali, Mater. Design 156, 143 (2018)

  42. X. Nie, H. Zhang, H. Zhu, Z. Hu, L. Ke, X. Zeng, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 256, 69 (2018)

  43. S. Marola, D. Gianoglio, F. Bosio, A. Aversa, M. Lorusso, D. Manfredi, M. Lombardi, L. Battezzati, J. Alloy. Compd. 821, 153538 (2020)

  44. U.S. Bertoli, A.J. Wolfer, M.J. Matthews, J.-P.R. Delplanque, J.M. Schoenung, Mater. Design 113, 331 (2017)

  45. S.L. Campanelli, G. Casalino, N. Contuzzi, A. Angelastro, A.D. Ludovico, Analysis of the molten/solidified zone in selective laser melted parts, in Proceedings of SPIE, High-Power Laser Materials Processing: Lasers, Beam Delivery, Diagnostics, and Applications III, ed. by F. Dorsch. San Francisco, 4–6 February 2014, vol. 8963 (SPIE, Bellingham, 2014)

  46. A.V. Pozdniakov, A.Y. Churyumov, I.S. Loginova, D.K. Daubarayte, D.K. Ryabov, V.A. Korolev, Mater. Lett. 225, 33 (2018)

  47. D.R. Manca, A.Y. Churyumov, A.V. Pozdniakov, A.S. Prosviryakov, D.K. Ryabov, A.Y. Krokhin, V.A. Korolev, D.K. Daubarayte, Met. Mater. Int. 25, 633 (2019)

  48. L.-Z. Wang, S. Wang, X. Hong, J. Manuf. Process. 35, 492 (2018)

  49. F. Trevisan, F. Calignano, M. Lorusso, J. Pakkanen, A. Aversa, E.P. Ambrosio, M. Lombardi, P. Fino, D. Manfredi, Materials 10, 76 (2017)

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), grant No. 19–79–30025.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky Pr. 4, Moscow, Russia, 119049

    Anton Yu. Nalivaiko, Dmitriy Yu. Ozherelkov, Ivan A. Pelevin, Stanislav V. Chernyshikhin, Alexey N. Arnautov & Alexander A. Gromov

  2. Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, 450008

    Andrey E. Medvedev

  3. Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia, 129337

    Andrey V. Korshunov

Authors
  1. Anton Yu. Nalivaiko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dmitriy Yu. Ozherelkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ivan A. Pelevin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Stanislav V. Chernyshikhin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Andrey E. Medvedev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Andrey V. Korshunov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Alexey N. Arnautov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Alexander A. Gromov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, AYN and DYO; Data curation, ANA and AVK; Formal analysis, AAG; Investigation, AEM, and IAP; Methodology, AYN, DYO and AEM; Supervision, AAG, ANA and AVK; Writing—original draft, AYN, SVC and DYO; Writing—review and editing, AAG All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexander A. Gromov.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nalivaiko, A.Y., Ozherelkov, D.Y., Pelevin, I.A. et al. Comprehensive Study of the 3D Printing of Single Tracks and Cubic Samples by Selective Laser Melting of AlSi10MgCu Alloy. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 787–801 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01115-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01115-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation