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Effects of Laser Power on the Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Manufactured by Direct Energy Deposition

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Abstract

Process optimization of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy is an important aspect of the production of engineered, high-performance parts for the aerospace and medical industries. In this study, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of direct energy deposition processed Ti–6Al–4V alloy were investigated using different processing parameters. Experimental analyses revealed that the line energy density corresponding to the processing parameters of the direct energy deposition process influences the properties of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy. First, an optimal line energy density limits the incidence and size of voids resulting from a lack of fusion to enhance both alloy strength and ductility. Second, an excessively high energy density induces the coarsening of prior-β grains to impair both alloy strength with the Hall–Petch relationship and alloy ductility due to the plastic deformation instability caused by the limited number of grains. These results indicate that both the extent of fusion and prior-β grain size affect the mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Moreover, the results demonstrate the utility of the line energy density-based approach in determining the optimal processing parameters for realizing high-performance materials.

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The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2020R1A4A3079417). This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2018R1A5A6075959). It was further supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2021R1A2C3006662). H.S.K. acknowledges the great support funded by Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea (20000495).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology (Center for K-Metals), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea

    Yukyeong Lee, Sangeun Park, Jae Bok Seol, Hyokyung Sung & Jung Gi Kim

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea

    Eun Seong Kim, Jeong Min Park & Hyoung Seop Kim

  3. Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea

    Hyoung Seop Kim

  4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea

    Taekyung Lee

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  1. Yukyeong Lee
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Correspondence to Hyokyung Sung or Jung Gi Kim.

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Lee, Y., Kim, E.S., Park, S. et al. Effects of Laser Power on the Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Manufactured by Direct Energy Deposition. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 197–204 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01081-9

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