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Effect of TiB2/Gr Hybrid Reinforcements in Al 7075 Matrix on Sliding Wear Behavior Analyzed by Response Surface Methodology

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Abstract

Al 7075 alloy matrix reinforced with different weight percentage of titanium borides (TiB2, 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 wt%) and 1 wt% graphite (Gr) hybrid composites were synthesized by in-situ liquid metallurgy route, then the sliding wear characteristics were performed and investigated in this research work. TiB2 reinforced as 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 wt% by the in situ chemical reaction of KBF4 and K2TiF6 salts and 1 wt% Gr with the Al 7075 matrix were added constantly in the melt. Several experiments were carried out to examine the wear behavior of the fabricated composite specimens through a tribometer at ambient temperature. The weight percentage of reinforcement (TiB2 particles), the applied load, the sliding velocity (SV), and the sliding distance (SD) were selected as process parameters at five different levels. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to conduct the experiments as RSM is the feasible and accurate method employed for optimizing to set the parameters. To check the significance of the developed model by RSM, ANOVA and confirmatory tests were also accomplished. FESEM surface morphology was also carried out to illustrate the uniform dispersion of the TiB2–Gr particulates in Al 7075 matrix. The predicted wear characteristics from the developed model were well agreed with the experimental results. The obtained results were explained that both the increase in the percentage of RF and SV have dropped the wear loss (WL) curve whereas the load at all SVs and the SDs were uplifted the WL. The worn surface morphology explained that the adhesive mechanisms were dominated during the sliding wear test. Further, severe and mild wear occurred during higher load and lower load respectively.

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Data Availability Statement

The experimental datasets obtained from this research work and then the analyzed results during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

RSM:

Response surface methodology

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscope

RF:

Reinforcement

AL:

Applied load

SV:

Sliding velocity

SD:

Sliding distance

WL:

Wear lose

MMCs:

Metal matrix composites

AMCs:

Aluminium matrix composites

TiB2 :

Titanium boride

DSWB:

Dry sliding wear behavior

DOE:

Design and analysis of experiments

CCD:

Central composite design

Gr:

Graphite

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

EBSD:

Electron backscattered diffraction

WEDM:

Wire-cut electric discharge machine

WR:

Wear rate

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support of Qassim University under Deanship Research Grant of Saudi Arabia (Grant No: 2343-qec-2018-1-14-s) and provided research facilities to carry out this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia

    S. Sivasankaran, Fahad A. Al-Mufadi & Osama M. Irfan

  2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India

    K. R. Ramkumar

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, BeniSuief University, Beni-Suef, 62764, Egypt

    Osama M. Irfan

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  1. S. Sivasankaran
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  2. K. R. Ramkumar
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  3. Fahad A. Al-Mufadi
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  4. Osama M. Irfan
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Contributions

SS and FA have put the idea of this work, conceived and designed the experiments; SS and KRR have carried out the experimental part and investigated the results; SS has written the article; FA and OMI have edited the article and supported some research facilities.

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Correspondence to S. Sivasankaran.

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Sivasankaran, S., Ramkumar, K.R., Al-Mufadi, F.A. et al. Effect of TiB2/Gr Hybrid Reinforcements in Al 7075 Matrix on Sliding Wear Behavior Analyzed by Response Surface Methodology. Met. Mater. Int. 27, 1739–1755 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00543-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00543-5

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