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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Investigation on heterogeneous nucleation of MgAl2O4 in Al-Mg alloys

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This article was retracted on 11 March 2016

Abstract

This work investigates the mechanisms of grain refinement of Al-Mg alloys through ultrasonic treatment and varying Mg content. MgAl2O4 particles display an equiaxed and faceted morphology with {111} planes and when exposed to {111} of α-Al, can act as heterogeneous and potent nuclei for aluminium. Intensive vibrations by ultrasonic treatment lead to significant grain refinement through effective dispersion of MgAl2O4 particles. The equiaxed and faceted morphology of MgAl2O4 along with a well-defined cube-on-cube orientation relationship \((1\bar 11)[110]\) MgAl2O4//\((1\bar 11)[110]\) α-Al, provide improved refinement. Furthermore, multiplication of solidification sites by the ultrasonic pulses enhances heterogeneous nucleation. The resulting improved grain refinement relates in all probability to the increased nucleation sites, due to grain multiplications and wetting of impurities, the lowering of surface tension due to the segregation of magnesium to the surface of liquid aluminium, the appropriate growth restriction factor and the low lattice mismatch coupled with strong dispersion of oxides.The filtration test confirms these particles as potent refiners.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    R. Haghayeghi

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK

    P. Kapranos

Authors
  1. R. Haghayeghi
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  2. P. Kapranos
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Haghayeghi.

Additional information

This article has been retracted at the request of the editorial board of Metals and Materials International. The article was examined following the COPE guidelines with regard to suspected plagiarism in a published manuscript. The article contains a substantial amount of material taken from previously published articles with no acknowledgement of the source. The plagiarized articles are:

(A) Criteria of grain refinement induced by ultrasonic melt treatment of aluminum alloys containing Zr and Ti T.V. Atamanenko, D.G. Eskin, L. Zhang, and L. Katgerman Metall. Mater. Trans. A 41A (2010) 2056–2066 (B) Mechanisms of enhanced heterogeneous nucleation during solidification in binary Al–Mg alloys H.-T. Li, Y. Wang, Z. Fan Acta Mater. 60 (2012) 1528-1537 (C) Oxidation of Aluminium Alloy Melts and Inoculation by Oxide Particles Yun Wang, Hu-Tian Li, Zhongyun Fan Trans. Ind. Inst. Met. 65 (2012) 653–661

Fig. 3 (a), (b) are taken from (A) (Fig. 1). Note that in the original source this figure relates to an Al-4% Cu alloy while in the paper in question it is presented as an Al-1% Mg alloy. Fig. 4 is taken from (B) (Fig. 6, with an almost identical caption, except for the processing time). Fig. 7 is also taken with slight modification from (B) (Fig. 7). Fig. 5 (a) is taken from (C), (Fig. 10). Fig. 5 (d) is Fig. 11 taken from (C) but rotated 180°. Fig. 9 (a) is (C) Fig. 1 (b).

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Haghayeghi, R., Kapranos, P. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Investigation on heterogeneous nucleation of MgAl2O4 in Al-Mg alloys. Met. Mater. Int. 21, 554–560 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-015-4260-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-015-4260-x

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