Abstract
Phylogenetic trees give the information about the vertical relationships of ancestors and descendants but phylogenetic networks are used to visualize the horizontal relationships among the different organisms. In order to predict reticulate events there is a need to construct phylogenetic networks. Here, a Linear Programming (LP) model has been developed for the construction of phylogenetic network. The model is validated by using data sets of chloroplast of 16S rRNA sequences of photosynthetic organisms and Influenza A/H5N1 viruses. Results obtained are in agreement with those obtained by earlier researchers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bryant, D., Moultan, V. 2004. Neighbor-Net: An agglomerative method for the construction of phylogenetic networks. Mol Biol Evol 21, 255–265.
Chouhan, U., Pardasani, K.R. 2010. A linear programming approach to study phylogenetic networks in honeybee. O J B 11, 72–82.
Felsenstein, J. 1993. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.67: dnadist, Distributed by the author, Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle.
Glover, F., kuo, C.C., Dhir, K.S. 1995. A discrete optimization model for preserving biological diversity. Appl Math Modelling 19, 696–701.
Gusfield, D., Bansal, V., Bafna, V., Song, Y.S. 2007. A decomposition theory for phylogenetic networks and incompatible characters. J Comput Biol 14, 1247–1272.
Gusfield, D., Hickerson, D., Eddhu, S. 2007. An efficiently computed lower bound on the number of recombinations in phylogenetic networks: Theory and empirical study. Discrete Appl Math 155, 806–830.
Huson, D.H., Bryant, D. 2006. Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Mol Biol Evol 23, 254–267.
Huson, D.H. 2009. Drawing rooted phylogenetic networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinf 6, 103–109.
Huson, D.H. 1998. SplitsTree: analyzing and visualizing evolutionary data. Bioinformatics 14, 68–73.
Huynh, T.N.D., Jansson, J., Nguyen, N.B., Sung, W.K. 2005. Constructing a smallest refining galled phylogenetic network. RECOMB, 265–280.
Legendre, P., Makarenkov, V. 2002. Reconstruction of biogeographic and evolutionary networks using reticulograms. Syst Biol 51, 199–216.
Legendre, P. 2000. Reticulate evolution: from bacteria to philosopher. J Classif 17, 153–157.
Lockhart, P.J., Penny, D., Hendy, M.D., Lakrum, A.W.D. 1993. Is prochlorothrix hollandica the best choice as a prokaryotic model for higher plant chl-a/b photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 73, 61–68.
Lockhart, P.J., Steel, M.A., Hendy, M.D., Penny, D. 1994. Recovering evolutionary trees under a more realistic model of sequence evolution. Mol Biol Evol 11, 605–612.
Makarenkov, V. 2001. T-Rex: reconstructing and visualizing phylogenetic trees and reticulation networks. Bioinformatics 17, 664–668.
Makarenkov, V., Leclerc, B. 1999. An algorithm for the fitting of a tree metric according to a weighted least-squares criterion. J Classif 16, 3–26.
Makarenkov, V., Leclerc, B. 1997. Circular orders of tree metrics and their uses for the reconstruction and fitting of phylogenetic trees. Mathematical hierarchies and Biology, DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. Amer. Math. Soc. Providence, RI, 183–208.
Makarenkov, V., Legendre, P. 2004. From a phylogenetic tree to a reticulated network. J Comput Biol 11, 195–212.
Makarenkov, V., Kevorkov, D., Legendre, P. 2006. Phylogenetic network construction approaches. Applied Mycology and Biotechnology, International Elsevier Series, Bioinformatics 6, 61–97.
Mathur, R., Adlakha, N. 2011. A least squares method to determine reticulation in eight grass plastomes. O J B 12, 230–242.
Mathur, R., Adlakha, N. 2012. Evolutionary network to predict the reassortment of avian-human A/H5N1 influenza virus in India. Trends Bioinform. (Published Online First).
Nakhleh, L., Warnow, T., Linder, C.R., John, K.S. 2004. Reconstructing reticulate evolution in species — theory and practice. J Comput Biol 12, 796–811.
Poormohammadi, H., Eslahchi, C. 2012. Constructing rooted phylogenetic networks from triplets based on height function. IJETAE. 2, 389–393.
Rohlf, F.J. 2000. Phylogenetic models and reticulations. J Classif 17, 185–189.
Saitou, N., Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425.
Semple, C., Steel, M. 2003. Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Sridhar, S., Lam, F., Blelloch, G.E., Ravi, R., Schwartz, R. 2007. Efficiently finding the most parsimonious phylogenetic tree via linear programming. Proc. Of International Symp. Bioinformatics Research and Applications (ISBRA), 37–48.
Willson, S. J. 2012. Tree — average distances on certain phylogenetic networks have their weights uniquely determined. Algorithm Mol. Biol. 7: 13.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mathur, R., Adlakha, N. Linear programming model to construct phylogenetic network for 16S rRNA sequences of photosynthetic organisms and influenza viruses. Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci 6, 100–107 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12539-012-0043-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12539-012-0043-y