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Testing an Online, Theory-Based Intervention to Reduce Pre-drinking Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harm in Undergraduates: a Randomized Controlled Trial

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Abstract

Purpose

The present study tested the efficacy of a theory-based online intervention comprising motivational (autonomy support) and volitional (implementation intention) components to reduce pre-drinking alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm.

Method

Undergraduate students (N = 202) completed self-report measures of constructs from psychological theories, pre-drinking alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related harm at baseline and were randomly assigned to one of four intervention conditions in a 2 (autonomy support: present/absent) × 2 (implementation intention: present/absent) design. Participants completed follow-up measures of all variables at 4 weeks post-intervention. All participants received national guidelines on alcohol consumption and an e-mail summary of intervention content at its conclusion. Participants also received weekly SMS messages in the 4-week post-intervention period restating content relevant to their intervention condition.

Results

Neither statistically significant main effect for either the autonomy support or implementation intention intervention components nor an interaction effect was found on the outcome measures. However, statistically significant reductions in pre-drinking alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm were observed across all groups at follow-up, when compared to baseline.

Conclusion

Reductions in outcome measures were likely related to elements common to each condition (i.e., provision of national guidelines, assessment of outcome measures, e-mail summary, and SMS messages), rather than motivational and volitional components.

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Notes

  1. At baseline, students were coded as belonging to arts (n = 6; 2.97%), business (n = 8; 3.96%), education (n = 4; 1.98%), science (n = 7; 3.47%), health (n = 175; 86.63%), and humanities n = 2; (0.99%) faculties. At follow-up, students were coded as belonging to arts (n = 3; 2.56%), business (n = 3; 2.56%), education (n = 1; 0.85%), science (n = 1; 0.85%), health (n = 107; 91.45%), and humanities (n = 3; 1.71%) faculties. Participants’ scores on outcome measures did not differ as a function of their university, nor between pool and non-pool members; analyses are included in Electronic Supplementary Material 1.

  2. Results from complete case analyses are included in Electronic Supplementary Material 2.

  3. We also conducted our main analyses using hierarchical linear multiple regression. The analyses revealed an identical pattern of relations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia

    Kim M. Caudwell, Barbara A. Mullan & Martin S. Hagger

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  1. Kim M. Caudwell
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Correspondence to Kim M. Caudwell.

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The study was approved by the Curtin University Ethics Committee (Approval Number HR185/2014/AR1) and pre-registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614001102662).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Caudwell, K.M., Mullan, B.A. & Hagger, M.S. Testing an Online, Theory-Based Intervention to Reduce Pre-drinking Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harm in Undergraduates: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Int.J. Behav. Med. 25, 592–604 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-018-9736-x

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