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Biodiversity of cephalopod early-life stages across the Southeastern Brazilian Bight: spatio-temporal patterns in taxonomic richness

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Abstract

The diversity patterns of cephalopod early-life stages on the continental shelf of Southeastern Brazilian Bight (SBB, 22–25°S) were investigated using a historical plankton archive of 22 oceanographic cruises carried out from 1974 to 2010. From 874 plankton samples, 438 were positive for cephalopod paralarvae (n = 2116), which were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, totaling 15 taxa belonging to 11 families. Richness and diversity indexes (Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Pielou’s evenness) revealed a cross-shelf gradient, independent of season and latitude. Abundance k-dominance curves were consistent with this depth-related trend, resulting in high values of k-dominance for the inner shelf during both summer and winter. Two major assemblages were identified by cluster analyses: an inner shelf and a mid-outer shelf. During summer, the inner shelf assemblage was composed of neritic Loliginidae Lesueur, 1821 and epipelagic Argonautidae Tryon, 1879, while in winter, benthic Octopodidae Orbigny, 1840 replaced Argonautidae in importance. These data reveal a remarkable difference in Argonautidae and Octopodidae paralarvae abundance, suggesting a seasonal reproductive pattern for these cephalopods in the SBB. Mesopelagic Enoploteuthidae Pfeffer, 1900 and Ommastrephidae Steenstrup, 1857 characterized the mid-outer shelf assemblages both in summer and winter. Although based on a higher taxonomic level, the distribution of cephalopod paralarva families reflected not only oceanographic patterns of the SBB but also their adaptations and reproductive strategies. In particular, the cross-shelf gradient in cephalopod biodiversity reflects a more dynamic oceanographic conditions in inner shelf compared with mid-outer shelf ecosystems.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the responsible for the Biological Collection “Prof. E. F. Nonato” – ColBIO, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, for the plankton samples. We are also thankful to the Graduate Program on Oceanography from the University of São Paulo.

Funding

This study was financed in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES/PROEX.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Carolina C. Araújo & Maria A. Gasalla

  2. Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Carolina C. Araújo & Maria A. Gasalla

Authors
  1. Carolina C. Araújo
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  2. Maria A. Gasalla
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carolina C. Araújo.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable.

Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Communicated by M. Vecchione

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Araújo, C.C., Gasalla, M.A. Biodiversity of cephalopod early-life stages across the Southeastern Brazilian Bight: spatio-temporal patterns in taxonomic richness. Mar Biodiv 49, 2429–2443 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00980-w

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