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Taxonomic considerations of squids of the family Loliginidae (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) supported by morphological, morphometric, and molecular data

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Abstract

The taxonomy of squids in the family Loliginidae Lesueur, 1821 is complicated due to their inconsistent descriptions which hamper identification at the species level. In this study, a taxonomic revision of loliginid squids from the northwestern Atlantic was carried out considering morphological, molecular, and morphometric characteristics. Squid were collected in four oceanographic cruises along the coast of Tamaulipas, Gulf of Mexico during the period of 2012 to 2014. Museum (NMNH) specimens (type and non-type material) of the species reported for this area were also considered. The morphological attributes described for each species allowed us to confirm the identity of Doryteuthis pealeii (Lesueur, 1821), Lolliguncula brevis (Blainville, 1823), and males of Doryteuthis pleii (Blainville, 1823); the identification of females of D. pleii and Doryteuthis roperi (Cohen, 1976) (the latter only represented by museum material) was not achieved because of the high interspecific similarity. Three genetic clades were detected with COI sequences associated with each of the three field-collected species that were identified morphologically, including the unidentified females, which were recognized as D. pleii. The morphometry of these three groups was addressed by canonical variate analysis, which supported the interspecific differences. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted for D. roperi and D. pleii due to their high level of morphological similarity. This analysis indicated significant differences; therefore, it did not allow to confirm if D. roperi is a synonym of D. pleii.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Michael Vecchione for his valuable advice and collaboration in making museum material available for the purposes of this research. We thank Mr. Martin Reynaga, fishing entrepreneur from the Port of Tampico, Tamaulipas, and partner of the company Reymar, S.A. for his support in carrying out this project. We are also grateful to the entire crew of the shrimp fishing vessels: Don Bacho, FIPESCO, and Esperanza XI. MDSI wishes to thank BEIFI-IPN [grant for project number 20140781] and CONACyT [grant number 344289] for their financial support during this study.

Funding

This study was funded by Fondo Mixto Tamaulipas-CONACyT 2012–2014 (grant number 177615) and Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional [grant number SIP-IPN 20131165).

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Correspondence to Francisco J. García-Rodríguez.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The sequences generated were deposited in the GenBank (accession numbers MG582539-MG582587).

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Communicated by M. Vecchione

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Díaz-Santana-Iturrios, M., Salinas-Zavala, C.A., Granados-Amores, J. et al. Taxonomic considerations of squids of the family Loliginidae (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) supported by morphological, morphometric, and molecular data. Mar Biodiv 49, 2401–2409 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00979-3

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