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Two new and one known deep-sea Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918 species (Nematoda: Araeolaimida) from New Zealand’s continental margin

Marine Biodiversity volume 49, pages 1931–1949 (2019)Cite this article

Abstract

One new Sabatieria Rouville, 1903 and one new Hopperia Vitiello, 1969 species are described from Conway Trough off the east coast of New Zealand’s South Island based on light and scanning electron microscope observations and SSU and D2-D3 of LSU molecular sequences. Additional morphological observations and molecular sequence data are also provided for Vasostoma hexodontium Rosli, Leduc & Probert, 2014. Sabatieria articulata sp. nov. belongs to the Praedatrix group and differs from all other species of the genus in having jointed spicules. Hopperia novazelandica sp. nov. is characterized by a relatively stout body, cephalic setae 0.2–0.3 corresponding body diameter long, amphideal fovea with 3.0 turns in males and 2.2–2.5 turns in females, buccal cavity with three teeth, spicules 2.3–2.5 cloacal body diameters long, presence of 19 precloacal supplements, and conico-cylindrical tail with swollen tip and terminal setae. Scanning electron microscopy observations show that the outer cuticle surface of V. hexodontium is smooth and that the inner labial papillae are slightly larger than the outer labial papillae. The SSU consensus tree could not resolve relationships among most Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918 species and genera included in our analysis. Analyses based on D2-D3 of LSU sequences suggest that Sabatieria, Hopperia, and Dorylaimopsis are not monophyletic; instead, species/genera from the same region tended to cluster together, suggesting that features that characterize the genera Hopperia and Dorylaimopsis, such as a buccal cavity with teeth and an expanded posterior portion, have evolved multiple times independently, possibly from a Sabatieria-like ancestor. This hypothesis, however, will have to be tested using more comprehensive molecular datasets.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the crew and scientific personnel of RV Tangaroa (voyage TAN1708) and three anonymous reviewers for providing constructive criticisms on the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by NIWA under Coasts and Oceans Research programme 2 (2018/19 SCI) and supported by core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the Science and Innovation Group of the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. This study was partially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0502904) and a scholarship under the Graduate School of Xiamen University award to Sujing Fu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China

    Sujing Fu

  2. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 14-901, New Zealand

    Daniel Leduc

  3. Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Zeng Qi Zhao

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  1. Sujing Fu
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  2. Daniel Leduc
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  3. Zeng Qi Zhao
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Correspondence to Daniel Leduc.

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All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

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This article is registered in ZooBank under urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F427666F-D91C-43E3-B6BD-D2BE2C2475B0

Sabatieria articulata sp. nov. is registered under urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7D3EFE23-2BA0-4BED-A661-9CB85AEEEF62

Hopperia novazelandica sp. nov. is registered under urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0D32112A-9499-4217-A48F-03FA553EC97C

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Fu, S., Leduc, D. & Zhao, Z.Q. Two new and one known deep-sea Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918 species (Nematoda: Araeolaimida) from New Zealand’s continental margin. Mar Biodiv 49, 1931–1949 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00955-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00955-x

Keywords

  • Conway trough
  • D2-D3 region of large subunit (LSU) 28S rDNA gene
  • Morphology
  • Scanning electron microscopy
  • Small subunit (SSU) 18S rDNA gene
  • Taxonomy