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Implications of the environmental heterogeneity on the distribution of the fish functional diversity of the Campeche Bank, Gulf of Mexico

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Abstract

The Campeche Bank is a key ecosystem in terms of connectivity between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean and an important center of marine and estuarine biodiversity; however, it is being targeted by fisheries, oil companies, and invasive species. Thus, it is important to develop analyses that allow us to have a deeper understanding of its functioning and disturbance implications. In this study, the fish community of the Campeche Bank was analyzed through a nested ecomorphological classification to determine the diversity and distribution of functional groups (FGs) and its relation to environmental variables. Fifty-nine FGs were determined, implying a high degree of ecological segregation. Our results indicate a strong relationship between species and functional diversity. The eastern portion of the Campeche Bank is the most diverse, and it presents higher concentrations of oxygen and chlorophyll a, while the western portion is the less diverse and the most targeted by anthropogenic activities. The most specious FGs are zoobenthivores. A relationship was found between top predators, zooplanktivore, and zoobenthivore FGs, which may indicate top-down regulations. The presence of the invasive lionfish in the portion of higher diversity puts at risk the persistence of functional diversity. The present study is the first fish functional analysis of the Campeche Bank, which allowed us to describe the central characters, to know the species interactions and potential affectations by invasive species.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Mirella Hernández de Santillana and Ariel Chi for their valuable help in the collection and identification of the samples; Ariel Chi for its help with the cartography; and Maria D. Blanqueto and Alex Acosta for their technical support in the laboratory. Finally, we would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their comments and suggestions that highly improve the document.

Funding

Research funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Secretaría de Energía (SENER)-Hidrocarburos, Project 201441. Sampling permit PPF/DGOPA-043/18. This is a contribution of the Gulf of Mexico Research Consortium (CIGoM).

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  1. Laboratorio de Taxonomía y Ecología de Peces, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Mérida, Antigua Carretera a Progreso km 6, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    R. Aguilar-Medrano & M. E. Vega-Cendejas

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  1. R. Aguilar-Medrano
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  2. M. E. Vega-Cendejas
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Correspondence to M. E. Vega-Cendejas.

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All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

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Communicated by S. E. Lluch-Cota

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Aguilar-Medrano, R., Vega-Cendejas, M.E. Implications of the environmental heterogeneity on the distribution of the fish functional diversity of the Campeche Bank, Gulf of Mexico. Mar Biodiv 49, 1913–1929 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00954-y

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