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On the paraphyly of Cytaeididae and placement of Cytaeis within the suborder Filifera (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata)

Marine Biodiversity volume 47, pages 1057–1064 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Identification of hydrozoans of the family Cytaeididae L. Agassiz, 1862 is confused due to their morphological similarity, to the shortage of morphological characteristics, and to a lack of molecular data. In this study, sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers were analyzed from hydroids of Cytaeis Eschscholtz, 1829 collected in the southern Red Sea on shells of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), along with sequences of Cytaeis and Perarella Stechow, 1922 from GenBank. Analyses revealed the paraphyly of the family Cytaeididae, and indicate that the genus Cytaeis may actually belong to the family Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850 (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata). Perarella species grouped within different families and far from Cytaeis species within phylogenetic trees. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the phylogenetic position and formally revise the taxonomy of Perarella. These results demonstrate the need to utilize molecular sequences in re-assessing the taxonomy and phylogeny of filiferan hydrozoans.

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Acknowledgments

We are sincerely grateful to Dr Martyn E.Y. Low, Secretary of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, for his thorough report on the taxonomic validity of cytaeidid and bougainvillid hydrozoan names. Fieldwork was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Office of Competitive Research Funds under grant number CRG-1-2012-BER-002; molecular laboratory work was conducted with support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (#15-29-02601); data analyses and processing of the paper were supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (#14-50-00029). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119992, Russia

    A. A. Prudkovsky & Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko

  2. A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-40, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    M. A. Nikitin

  3. Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia

    M. L. Berumen

  4. Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan

    J. D. Reimer

  5. Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan

    J. D. Reimer

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  1. A. A. Prudkovsky
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  2. M. A. Nikitin
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  3. M. L. Berumen
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  4. Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko
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Correspondence to Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko.

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Communicated by B. W. Hoeksema

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Prudkovsky, A.A., Nikitin, M.A., Berumen, M.L. et al. On the paraphyly of Cytaeididae and placement of Cytaeis within the suborder Filifera (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata). Mar Biodiv 47, 1057–1064 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0534-x

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