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Impact of the Upper Ocean Processes on Intensification of Cyclone Amphan

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Abstract

Cyclone Amphan is one of the severe cyclones that occurred over the Bay of Bengal region. It has undergone rapid intensification over the northern part, i.e., north of 14° N after its formation. This can be attributed to the intrusion of warm saline waters with temperatures around 31 °C, salinity greater than 33 psu from the coast, and the presence of anticyclonic eddy that moved across the track. Within an anticyclonic eddy sinking, warm, high saline waters are promoted further sinking through diffusive convective mixing processes. Analysis of in situ and model data showed that these waters formed as a thick water column with high heat content in the northern part of the track, which in turn helped the rapid intensification of cyclone Amphan. This thick water column was also clearly evident in tropical cyclone heat potential. A high chlorophyll concentration of 4.5 – 5.3 mg/m3 was observed before the saline water intrusion across the cyclone path. North of 15oN, a sudden drop in the surface chlorophyll concentration of 0.2–1 mg/m3was observed, which can be attributed to further sinking of saltwater due to vertical convective mixing, which suppressed the cyclone-induced upwelling over this region.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Director, CSIR-NIO and Scientist-in-Charge for their support and for providing the facilities. The authors are thankful to Dr. Rashmi Sharma and Dr. Mini Raman, Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad for their encouragement and support. The authors thank ISRO for providing funds through ISRO RESPOND Project OGP-204. This has the NIO contribution number 6949.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR National Institute of Oceanography Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India

    K. Maneesha

  2. Oceanic Sciences Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

    Smitha Ratheesh

  3. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Govt. of India, Hyderabad, India

    T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar

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  1. K. Maneesha
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Maneesha, K., Ratheesh, S. & Bhaskar, T.V.S.U. Impact of the Upper Ocean Processes on Intensification of Cyclone Amphan. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 51, 289–298 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-022-01592-x

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