Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Coastal Vulnerability Mapping by Integrating Geospatial Techniques and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) along the Vishakhapatnam Coastal Tract, Andhra Pradesh, India

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The coastal area supports millions of population in terms of livelihood, settlement and social activities across the world and India. The increasing rate of socioeconomic activities made the coasts susceptible to various hazards. Therefore, this study is aimed to examine the coastal vulnerability of Vishakhapatnam Coastal district using remote sensing and geographic information system. To fulfill this objective, six physical indicators, i.e., geomorphology, land use/land cover, coastal slope, shoreline change rate, etc., were prepared using the multi-temporal datasets of 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2018 and mean tidal height has been considered to calculate the coastal vulnerability index (CVI). The indicators selected for the analysis of coastal vulnerability have been integrated using the rank and weighted methods. The shoreline change has been detected using the digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS). Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has been used for calculating weights of various indices. The CVI values obtained using different indicators are 2.6 (min) and 14.39 (max). Based on the CVI values, the coast is classified as five classes of vulnerability, i.e., very low (0—4.9) covering 42.5 km, low (4.9—7.3) which covers 29.49 km, moderate (7.3—9.6) covering 23.46 km, high (9.6—12.0) which covers 34.61 km, and very high (12.0–14.39) covering 7.5 km. This integrated study is found useful for exploring the accretion and erosion processes and also for vulnerability mapping in the coastal tract of Vishakhapatnam district.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antwi, E., Boakye-Danquah, J., Barima Owusu, A., Loh, S., Mensah, R., Boafo, Y., & Apronti, P. (2015). Community vulnerability assessment index for flood prone savannah agro-ecological zone: A case study of wa west district, Ghana. Weather and Climate Extremes, 10, 56–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balica, S. F., Wright, N. G., & Meulen, F. V. D. (2012). A flood vulnerability index for coastal cities and its use in assessing climate change impacts. Natural Hazards, 64(1), 73–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bama, V. P. S., Rajakumari, S., & Ramesh, R. (2020). Coastal vulnerability assessment of Vedaranyam swamp coast based on land use and shoreline dynamics. Natural Hazards. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03844-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnard, P., Erikson, L., Foxgrover, A., Hart, J., Limber, P., O’Neill, A., et al. (2019). Dynamic flood modeling essential to assess the coastal impacts of climate change. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 4309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bukvic, A., Rohat, G., Apotsos, A., & de Sherbinin, A. (2020). A systematic review of coastal vulnerability mapping. Sustainability, 12(7), 2822.

    Google Scholar 

  • Census of India (2011). District Census Handbook Visakhapatnam. https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2813_PART_B_DCHB_VISAKHAPATNAM.pdf. Accessed May 2020.

  • Ciurean, R.L., Schroeter, D., Glade, T., (2013). Conceptual frameworks of vulnerability assessments for natural disasters reduction. In: Tiefenbacher J (eds.) Approaches to disaster management e examining the implications of hazards, emergencies and disasters. InTech, Rijeka, pp 3–32. https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfswm/42656.pdf. Accessed April 2020.

  • Cutter, S. L., Boruff, B. J., & Lynn Shirley, W. (2003). Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Social Science Quarterly, 84, 242–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhiman, R., VishnuRadhan, R., Eldho, T. I., & Inamdar, A. (2019). Flood risk and adaptation in Indian coastal cities: recent scenarios. Applied Water Science, 9, 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0881-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diez, P. G., Perillo, G. M. E., & Piccolo, M. C. (2007). Vulnerability to sea-level rise on the coast of Buenos Aires province. J Coast Res., 23, 119–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, R., Hayden, B., May, P., & May, S. (1980). The reliability of shoreline change measurements from aerial photographs. Shore and Beach, 48, 22–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, P. K., & Datta, D. (2012). Coastal tourism and beach sustainability—An assessment of community perceptions in Kovalam India. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 8(7), 75–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoussein, Y., Mhawej, M., Jaffal, A., Fadel, A., El Hourany, R., & Faour, G. (2018). Vulnerability assessment of the South-Lebanese coast: A GIS-based approach. Ocean & Coastal Management, 158, 56–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goharnejad, H., Shamsai, A., & Hosseini, S. (2013). Vulnerability assessment of southern coastal areas of Iran to sea level rise: evaluation of climate change impact. Oceanologia, 55(3), 611–637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gornitz, V. (1991). Global coastal hazards from future sea level rise. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 89(4), 379–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillard-Gonçalves, C., & Zêzere, J. (2018). Combining social vulnerability and physical vulnerability to analyse landslide risk at the municipal scale. Geosciences, 8(8), 294.

    Google Scholar 

  • INCOIS (2012). Coastal vulnerability Atlas of India. Hyderabad: Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services. https://incois.gov.in/portal/cvi/index.html. Accessed September 2020.

  • IPCC (2014). Drivers, Trends and Mitigation. Climate Change 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/drivers-trends-and-mitigation/. Accessed June 2020

  • Islam, M. A., Mitra, D., Dewan, A., & Akhter, S. H. (2016). Coastal multi-hazard vulnerability assessment along the Ganges deltaic coast of Bangladesh–A geospatial approach. Ocean and Coastal Management, 127, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISRO, (2012). Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Coastal Zones of India (Sponsored by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India) [Ebook]. Ahmedabad. https://keralaczma.gov.in/pdfs/Coastal_Zones_of_India.pdf. Accessed May 2020).

  • Ju, C. Y., Jia, Y. G., Shan, H. X., Tang, C. W., & Ma, W. J. (2012). GIS-based coastal area suitability assessment of geo-environmental factors in Laoshan district, Qingdao. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12(1), 143–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamphuis, J. W. (2010). Introduction to coastal engineering and management (2nd ed.). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kantamaneni, K., Sudha Rani, N. N. V., Rice, L., Sur, K., et al. (2019). A systematic review of coastal vulnerability assessment studies along Andhra Pradesh, India: A critical evaluation of data gathering, risk levels and mitigation strategies. Water, 11(2), 393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kantamaneni, K., Gallagher, A., & Du, X. (2019). Assessing and mapping regional coastal vulnerability for port environments and coastal cities. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 23, 59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koroglu, A., Ranasinghe, R., Jiménez, J., & Dastgheib, A. (2019). Comparison of Coastal Vulnerability Index applications for Barcelona Province. Ocean and Coastal Management, 178, 104799.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy, R. R., DasGupta, R., Chatterjee, R., & Shaw, R. (2014). Managing the Indian coast in the face of disasters & climate change: A review and analysis of India’s coastal zone management policies. Journal of coastal conservation, 18(6), 657–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishna, G., Paul, N. C., Pradhan, S., Ahmad, T., & Sahoo, P. M. (2018). Spatiotemporal change detection of coastline with satellite remote sensing for environmental management. Journal of the Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics, 72(3), 205–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, K. S. K., & Tholkappian, S. (2006). Relative vulnerability of indian coastal districts to sea-level rise and climate extremes. International Review for Environmental Strategies, 6(1), 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leo, F. D., Besio, G., Zolezzi, G., & Bezzi, M. (2019). Coastal vulnerability assessment: Through regional to local downscaling of wave characteristics along the Bay of Lalzit (Albania). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19(1), 287–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, S., Dragicevic, S., Castro, F., Sester, M., Winter, S., Coltekin, A., et al. (2016). Geospatial big data handling theory and methods: A review and research challenges. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 115, 119–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maanan, M., Maanan, M., Rueff, H., Adouk, N., Zourarah, B., & Rhinane, H. (2018). Assess the human and environmental vulnerability for coastal hazard by using a multi-criteria decision analysis. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 24(6), 1642–1658.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madricardo, F., Foglini, F., Campiani, E., Grande, V., Catenacci, E., Petrizzo, A., et al. (2019). Assessing the human footprint on the sea-floor of coastal systems: The case of the Venice Lagoon. Italy. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 6615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martins, K., de Souza, P. P., Silva-Casarín, R., & Neto, A. (2017). The influence of climate change on coastal erosion vulnerability in Northeast Brazil. Coastal Engineering Journal, 59(2), 1740007-1-17400072–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. J., Canziani, O., Leary, N. A., Dokken, D. J., White, K. S., (eds) (2001). Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC working group II. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://library.harvard.edu/collections/ipcc/docs/27_WGIITAR_FINAL.pdf. Accessed September 2020.

  • Mclaughin, S., & Cooper, J. A. G. (2010). A multi-scale coastal vulnerability index: A tool for coastal managers? Environmental Hazards, 9(3), 233–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murali, R. M., Ankita, M., Amrita, S., & Vethamony, P. (2013). Coastal vulnerability assessment of Puducherry coast, India, using the analytical hierarchical process. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13(12), 3291–3311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murali, R. M., Riyas, M. J., Reshma, K. N., & Kumar, S. S. (2019). Climate change impact and vulnerability assessment of Mumbai city, India. Natural Hazards, 102, 575–589.

    Google Scholar 

  • NCCR (2018). National Assessment of Shoreline Changes along Indian Coast, Status Report. Ministry of earth Sciences, National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Chennai. https://www.nccr.gov.in/sites/default/files/schangenew.pdf. Accessed March 2020.

  • NDSAP (2012). National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy-2012 (NDSAP-2012), Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. https://geoportal.mp.gov.in/geoportal/Content/Policies/NDSAP_2012.pdf. Accessed August 2020).

  • Neumann, B., Ott, K., & Kenchington, R. (2017). Strong sustainability in coastal areas: a conceptual interpretation of SDG 14. Sustainability Science, 12(6), 1019–1035.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, K., Leichenko, R., Kelkar, U., Venema, H., et al. (2004). Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: Climate change and globalization in India. Global Environmental Change, 14(4), 303–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pantusa, D., D’ Alessandro, F., Riefolo, L., Principato, F., & Tomasicchio, G. (2018). Application of a coastal vulnerability index a case study along the apulian coastline Italy. Water, 10(9), 1218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parthasarathy, A., & Natesan, U. (2014). Coastal vulnerability assessment: a case study on erosion and coastal change along Tuticorin. Gulf of Mannar Natural Hazards, 75(2), 1713–1729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parthasarathy, K. S. S., & Deka, P. C. (2019). Remote sensing and GIS application in assessment of coastal vulnerability and shoreline changes: A review. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 14, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pendleton, E. A., Thieler, E. R., Williams, S. J., Beavers, R. S., (2004). Coastal vulnerability assessment of Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS) to sea-level rise. USGS report No 2004–1090. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20041090. Accessed March 2020.

  • Pollard, J. A., Spencer, T., & Brooks, S. M. (2019). The interactive relationship between coastal erosion and flood risk. Progress in Physical Geography, 43(4), 574–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, S., Sharma, M. C., Kumar, R., Dhinwa, P. S., Sastry, K. L. N., & Rajawat, A. S. (2016). Mapping and assessing land degradation vulnerability in Kangra district using physical and socio-economic indicators. Spatial Information Research, 24, 733–744.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pramanik, M. K., Biswas, S. S., Mondal, B., & Pal, R. (2016). Coastal vulnerability assessment of the predicted sea level rise in the coastal zone of Krishna-Godavari delta region, Andhra Pradesh, east coast of India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 18(6), 1635–1655.

    Google Scholar 

  • Praveen, B., Talukdar, S., ShahfahadMahato, S., Mondal, J., Sharma, P., Islam, A. R. M. T., & Rahman, A. (2020). Analyzing trend and forecasting of rainfall changes in India using non-parametrical and machine learning approaches. Scientific Reports, 10, 10342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, A., Kumar, Y., Fazal, S., & Bhaskaran, S. (2011). Urbanization and quality of urban environment using remote sensing and gis techniques in East Delhi-India. Journal of Geographic Information System, 03(01), 62–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rani, N. N. V. S., Satyanarayana, A. N. V., & Bhaskaran, P. K. (2015). Coastal vulnerability assessment studies over India: A review. Natural Hazards, 77, 405–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, K. N., Subraelu, P., Rao, T. V., Malini, B. H., Ratheesh, R., Bhattacharya, S., & RajawatAjai, A. S. (2008). Sea-Level rise and coastal vulnerability: An assessment of andhra pradesh coast, india through remote sensing and GIS. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 12(4), 195–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehman, S., Sahana, M., Kumar, P., & Ahmed sajjad, R. H. (2020). Assessing hazards induced vulnerability in coastal districts of India using site-specific indicators: an integrated approach. GeoJournal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10187-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rincón, D., Khan, U., & Armenakis, C. (2018). Flood risk mapping using gis and multi-criteria analysis: A greater toronto area case study. Geosciences, 8(8), 275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocha, C., Antunes, C., & Catita, C. (2020). Coastal vulnerability assessment due to sea level rise: The case study of the atlantic coast of mainland portugal. Water, 12(2), 360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ružić, I., Dugonjić Jovančević, S., Benac, Č, & Krvavica, N. (2019). Assessment of the coastal vulnerability index in an area of complex geological conditions on the Krk Island. Northeast Adriatic Sea. Geosciences, 9(5), 219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satta, A., Puddu, M., Venturini, S., & Giupponi, C. (2017). Assessment of coastal risks to climate change related impacts at the regional scale: The case of the Mediterranean region. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 24, 284–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saaty, T. L., Vargas, L. G. (1991). Prediction, projection and forecasting (p. 251). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7952-0.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Saaty, T. L. (1977). A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 15(3), 234–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. Int J Serv Sci, 1(1), 83–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sankari, T., Chandramouli, A., Gokul, K., Surya, S., & Saravanavel, J. (2015). Coastal vulnerability mapping using geospatial technologies in Cuddalore-Pichavaram coastal tract, Tamil Nadu, India. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 412–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serio, F., Armenio, E., Mossa, M., & Petrillo, A. (2018). How to define priorities in coastal vulnerability assessment. Geosciences, 8(11), 415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterzel, T., Lüdeke, M. K. B., Walther, C., Kok, M. T., Sietz, D., & Lucas, P. L. (2020). Typology of coastal urban vulnerability under rapid urbanization. PLoS ONE, 15(1), e0220936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220936.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thieler, R. E., Hammar-Klose, E. S. (2000). National assessment of coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: preliminary results for the US Pacific Coast. US Geological Survey. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr00178. Accessed March 2020.

  • UNEP (2005). Assessing Coastal Vulnerability: Developing a Global Index for Measuring Risk. UNEP. Nairobi, Kenya.https://www.scribd.com/document/330492777/Assessing-Coastal-Vulnerability-Developing-a-Global-Index-for-Measuring-Risk. Accessed March 2020.

  • Vinuesa, R., Azizpour, H., Leite, I., Balaam, M., Dignum, V., Domisch, S., et al. (2020). The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the sustainable development goals. Nature Communications, 11, 233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vivek, G., Mahendra, R. S., Mohanty, P. C., Srinivasa Kumar, T., & Nanda, S. (2016). Coastal vulnerability assessment for North East Coast of Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Remote Sensing and Geoscience (IJRSG), 5(2), 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A., Rangel-Buitrago, N., Pranzini, E., & Anfuso, G. (2018). The management of coastal erosion. Ocean and Coastal Management, 156, 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.03.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodworth, P. L., Melet, A., Marcos, M., et al. (2019). Forcing factors affecting sea level changes at the coast. Surveys in Geophysics, 40, 1351–1397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, R., Wu, Y., Hwung, H., Liou, J., & Shugan, I. (2010). Current countermeasure of beach erosion control and its application in Taiwan. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53(9), 552–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.06.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The lead and the third author of this study are thankful to Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) for providing the Doctoral Research Fellowship during this research work. The authors also thank Unites States Geological Survey (USGS) for providing Landsat data freely accessible and General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) for making the data freely available to be used.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India

    Mirza Razi Imam Baig,  Shahfahad, Ishita Afreen Ahmad, Mohammad Tayyab & Atiqur Rahman

  2. Delhi Development Authority, Mahatma Gandhi Road, IP Building, New Delhi, 110 002, India

    Mohammad Tayyab

  3. Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India

    Md Sarfaraz Asgher

Authors
  1. Mirza Razi Imam Baig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shahfahad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ishita Afreen Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad Tayyab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Md Sarfaraz Asgher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Atiqur Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atiqur Rahman.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest on any issue among the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Baig, M.R.I., Shahfahad, Ahmad, I.A. et al. Coastal Vulnerability Mapping by Integrating Geospatial Techniques and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) along the Vishakhapatnam Coastal Tract, Andhra Pradesh, India. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 49, 215–231 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01204-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01204-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation